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作者：Witt, Alexandra; Toyokawa, Wataru; Lala, Kevin N.; Gaissmaier, Wolfgang; Wu, Charley M.
作者单位：Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University of Konstanz; RIKEN; University of St Andrews
摘要：There has been much progress in understanding human social learning, including recent studies integrating social information into the reinforcement learning framework. Yet previous studies often assume identical payoffs between observer and demonstrator, overlooking the diversity of social information in real-world interactions. We address this gap by introducing a socially correlated bandit task that accommodates payoff differences among participants, allowing for the study of social learning...
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作者：dos Santos, Miguel; Downing, Philip A.; Griffin, Ashleigh S.; Cornwallis, Charlie K.; West, Stuart A.
作者单位：University of Oxford; Lund University; University of Oulu
摘要：Hamilton's rule provides the cornerstone for our understanding of the evolution of all forms of social behavior, from altruism to spite, across all organisms, from viruses to humans. In contrast to the standard prediction from Hamilton's rule, recent studies have suggested that altruistic helping can be favored even if it does not benefit relatives, as long as it decreases the environmentally induced variance of their reproductive success (altruistic bet- hedging). However, previous prediction...
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作者：Johnson, Jena E.; Present, Theodore M.; Valentine, Joan Selverstone
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Modern life requires many different metal ions, which enable diverse biochemical functions. It is commonly assumed that metal ions' environmental availabilities controlled the evolution of early life. We argue that evolution can only explore the chemistry that life encounters, and fortuitous chemical interactions between metal ions and biological compounds can only be selected for if they first occur sufficiently frequently. We calculated maximal transition metal ion concentrations in the anci...
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作者：Sui, Xinxin; Yang, Zong - Liang; Shepherd, Marshall; Niyogi, Dev
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：Urbanization has accelerated dramatically across the world over the past decades. in climatological datasets. Although prior research has investigated urban influences on precipitation for specific cities or selected thunderstorm cases, a comprehensive examination of urban precipitation anomalies on a global scale remains limited. This research is a global analysis of urban precipitation anomalies for over one thousand cities worldwide. We find that more than 60% of the global cities and their...
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作者：Jautzy, Josue J.; Campbell, Calvin; Desiage, Pierre- Arnaud; Douglas, Peter M. J.; Fosu, Benjamin R.; Larmagnat, Stephanie; Savard, Martine M.
作者单位：Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; McGill University
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作者：Sato, Kaoru; Takayama, Ken - ichi; Saito, Yuko; Inoue, Satoshi
摘要：Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and learning/memory impairment associated with neuronal cell loss. Estrogen- related receptor alpha (ERR alpha) and ERR gamma, which are highly expressed in the brain, have emerged as potential AD regulators, with unelucidated underlying mechanisms. Here, we identified genome-wide binding sites for ERR alpha and ERR gamma in human neuronal cells. They commonly target a subset of genes associate...
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作者：Chen, Xi; Kordich, Jennifer K.; Williams, Erin T.; Levine, Nathan; Cole-Strauss, Allyson; Marshall, Lee; Labrie, Viviane; Ma, Jiyan; Lipton, Jack W.; Moore, Darren J.
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作者：Lewis, Tylor R.; Castillo, Carson M.; Klementieva, Natalia, V; Hsu, Ying; Hao, Ying; Spencer, William J.; Drack, Arlene, V; Pazour, Gregory J.; Arshavsky, Vadim Y.
作者单位：Duke University; University of Iowa; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; Duke University; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; State University of New York (SUNY) System; SUNY Upstate Medical University
摘要：The first steps of vision take place in the ciliary outer segment compartment of photoreceptor cells. The protein composition of outer segments is uniquely suited to perform this function. The most abundant among these proteins is the visual pigment, rhodopsin, whose outer segment trafficking involves intraflagellar transport (IFT). Here, we report three major findings from the analysis of mice in which ciliary transport was acutely impaired by conditional knockouts of IFT-B subunits. First, w...
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作者：Williams, Sarah C. P.
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作者：Dorfschmidt, Lena; Vasa, Frantisek; White, Simon R.; Romero-Garcia, Rafael; Kitzbichler, Manfred G.; Alexander-Bloch, Aaron; Cieslak, Matthew; Mehta, Kahini; Satterthwaite, Theodore D.; Bethlehem, Richard A. I.; Seidlitz, Jakob; Vertes, Petra E.; Bullmore, Edward T.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; University of London; King's College London; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red; CIBERSAM; University of Sevilla; Virgen del Rocio University Hospital; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania; University of Cambridge
摘要：Adolescent development of human brain structural and functional networks is increasingly recognized as fundamental to emergence of typical and atypical adult cognitive and emotional processes. We analysed multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data collected from N similar to 300 healthy adolescents (51%; female; 14 to 26 y) each scanned repeatedly in an accelerated longitudinal design, to provide an analyzable dataset of 469 structural scans and 448 functional MRI scans. We estimated the...
