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作者：Rothman, Daniel H.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Carbon near the Earth's surface cycles between the production and consumption of organic carbon; the former sequesters carbon dioxide while the latter releases it. Microbes attempt to close the loop, but the longer organic matter survives, the slower microbial degradation becomes. This aging effect leaves observable quantitative signatures: Organic matter decays at rates that are inversely proportional to its age, while microbial populations and concentrations of organic carbon in ocean sedime...
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作者：Scuoppo, Claudio; Wang, Jiguang; Persaud, Mirjana; Mittan, Sandeep K.; Basso, Katia; Pasqualucci, Laura; Rabadan, Raul; Inghirami, Giorgio; Grandori, Carla; Bosch, Francesc; Dalla-Favera, Riccardo
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作者：Brusatte, Stephen L.
作者单位：University of Edinburgh
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作者：Wang, Lei; Kwiatek, Grzegorz; Renard, Francois; Guerin-Marthe, Simon; Rybacki, Erik; Bohnhoff, Marco; Naumann, Michael; Dresen, Georg
作者单位：Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; University of Oslo; University of Oslo; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Gustave-Eiffel; Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Free University of Berlin; University of Potsdam
摘要：Surface roughness ubiquitously prevails in natural faults across various length scales. Despite extensive studies highlighting the important role of fault geometry in the dynamics of tectonic earthquakes, whether and how fault roughness affects fluid-induced seismicity remains elusive. Here, we investigate the effects of fault geometry and stress heterogeneity on fluid-induced fault slip and associated seismicity characteristics using laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. We perform f...
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作者：Yu, Jinting; Zhao, Wan; Chen, Xiaofang; Lu, Hong; Xiao, Yan; Li, Qiong; Luo, Lan; Kang, Le; Cui, Feng
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Wing dimorphism of insect vectors is a determining factor for viral long-distance dispersal and large-area epidemics. Although plant viruses affect the wing plasticity of insect vectors, the potential underlying molecular mechanisms have seldom been investigated. Here, we found that a planthopper-vectored rice virus, rice stripe virus (RSV), specifically induces a long-winged morph in male insects. The analysis of field populations demonstrated that the long-winged ratios of male insects are c...
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作者：Thind, Shubhneet; Lima, Dhesmon; Booy, Evan; Trinh, Dao; McKenna, Sean A.; Kuss, Sabine
作者单位：University of Manitoba; University of Manitoba; La Rochelle Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency (COXD) is an inherited disorder characterized by the absence or mutation in the genes encoding for the cytochrome c oxidase protein (COX). COX deficiency results in severe muscle weakness, heart, liver, and kidney disorders, as well as brain damage in infants and adolescents, leading to death in many cases. With no cure for this disorder, finding an efficient, inexpensive, and early means of diagnosis is essential to minimize symptoms and long -term disabilities...
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作者：Fedeli, Sirio Belga; Leibler, Stanislas
作者单位：Institute for Advanced Study - USA; Rockefeller University
摘要：In view of changing climatic conditions and disappearing natural resources such as fertile soil and water, exploring alternatives to today's industrial monocrop farming becomes essential. One promising farming practice is intercropping (IC), in which two or more crop species are grown together. Many experiments have shown that, under certain circumstances, IC can decrease soil erosion and fertilizer use, improve soil health and land management, while preserving crop production levels. However,...
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作者：Head, Louise C.; Negro, Giuseppe; Carenza, Livio N.; Johnson, Nathan; Keogh, Ryan R.; Gonnella, Giuseppe; Morozov, Alexander; Orlandini, Enzo; Shendruk, Tyler N.; Tiribocchi, Adriano; Marenduzzo, Davide
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; Koc University; Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); University of Padua; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
摘要：Quasiparticles are low-energy excitations with important roles in condensed matter physics. An intriguing example is provided by Majorana quasiparticles, which are equivalent to their antiparticles. Despite being implicated in neutrino oscillations and topological superconductivity, their experimental realizations remain very rare. Here, we propose a purely classical realization of Majorana fermions in terms of three-dimensional disclination lines in active nematics. The underlying reason is t...
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作者：Hundley, Frances, V; Gonzalez-Lozano, Miguel A.; Gottschalk, Lena M.; Cook, Aslan N. K.; Zhang, Jiuchun; Paulo, Joao A.; Harper, J. Wade
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Plasma membrane protein degradation and recycling are regulated by the endolysosomal system, wherein endocytic vesicles bud from the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm and mature into endosomes and then degradative lysosomes. As such, the endolysosomal system plays a critical role in determining the abundance of proteins on the cell surface and influencing cellular identity and function. Highly polarized cells, like neurons, rely on the endolysosomal system for axonal and dendritic specializat...
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作者：Koffas, Mattheos A. G.
作者单位：Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
