-
作者：Weaver, Olivia; Gano, Dawn; Zhou, Yungui; Kim, Hosung; Tognatta, Reshmi; Yan, Zhaoqi; Ryu, Jae Kyu; Brandt, Caroline; Basu, Trisha; Grana, Martin; Cabriga, Belinda; Alzamora, Maria del Pilar S.; Barkovich, A. James; Akassoglou, Katerina; Petersen, Mark A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; The J David Gladstone Institutes; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; The J David Gladstone Institutes; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of Southern California; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：Cerebellar injury in preterm infants with central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage results in lasting neurological deficits and an increased risk of autism. The impact of blood- induced pathways on cerebellar development remains largely unknown, so no specific treatments have been developed to counteract the harmful effects of blood after neurovascular damage in preterm infants. Here, we show that fibrinogen, a blood- clotting protein, plays a central role in impairing neonatal cerebellar devel...
-
作者：Batachari, Lakshmi E.; Dai, Alyssa Y.; Troemel, Emily R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Upon sensing viral RNA, mammalian RIG- I- like receptors (RLRs) activate downstream signals using caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), which ultimately promote transcriptional immune responses that have been well studied. In contrast, the downstream signaling mechanisms for invertebrate RLRs are much less clear. For example, the Caenorhabditis elegans RLR DRH-1- 1 lacks annotated CARDs and up-- regulates the distinct output of RNA interference. Here, we found that similar to mam...
-
作者：Buijs, Ned P.; Vlaming, Halana C.; Kotsogianni, Ioli; Arts, Melina; Willemse, Joost; Duan, Yunhao; Alexander, Francesca M.; Cochrane, Stephen A.; Schneider, Tanja; Martin, Nathaniel I.
作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; University of Bonn; Queens University Belfast
摘要：Bacitracin is a macrocyclic peptide antibiotic that is widely used as a topical treatment for infections caused by gram-- positive bacteria. Mechanistically, bacitracin targets bacteria by specifically binding to the phospholipid undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (C55PP), 55 PP), which plays a key role in the bacterial lipid II cycle. Recent crystallographic studies have shown that when bound to C55PP, 55 PP, bacitracin adopts a highly ordered amphipathic conformation. In doing so, all hydrophobic si...
-
作者：De Freitas, Julian
作者单位：Harvard University
-
作者：Guney, Mehmet Hakan; Nagalekshmi, Karthika; McCauley, Sean Matthew; Carbone, Claudia; Aydemir, Ozkan; Luban, Jeremy
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; UMass Chan Medical School; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Ragon Institute
摘要：Intron-- containing RNA expressed from the HIV- 1 provirus activates type 1 interferon in primary human blood cells, including CD4+T + T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. To identify the innate immune receptor required for detection of intron-- containing RNA expressed from the HIV- 1 provirus, a loss- of-- function screen was performed with short hairpin RNA-- expressing lentivectors targeting twenty- one candidate genes in human monocyte-- derived dendritic cells. Among the candidate ...
-
作者：Kennett, James P.; Kennett, Douglas J.; Culleton, Brendan J.; Tortosa, J. Emili Aura; Bischoff, James L.; Bunch, Ted E.; Daniel Jr, I. Randolph; Erlandson, Jon M.; Ferraro, David; Firestone, Richard B.; Goodyear, Albert C.; Israde-Alcantara, Isabel; Johnson, John R.; Pardo, Jesus F. Jorda; Kimbel, David R.; LeCompte, Malcolm A.; Lopinot, Neal H.; Mahaney, William C.; Moore, Andrew M. T.; Moore, Christopher R.; Ray, Jack H.; Stafford Jr, Thomas W.; Tankersley, Kenneth Barnett; Wittke, James H.; Wolbach, Wendy S.; West, Allen
-
作者：Pomiechowska, Barbara; Brody, Gabor; Teglas, Erno; Kovacs, agnes Melinda
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Birmingham; Brown University
摘要：Combinatorial thought, or the ability to combine a finite set of concepts into a myriad of complex ideas and knowledge structures, is the key to the productivity of the human mind and underlies communication, science, technology, and art. Despite the importance of combinatorial thought for human cognition and culture, its developmental origins remain unknown. To address this, we tested whether 12-mo-old- mo- old infants (N N = 60), who cannot yet speak and only understand a handful of words, c...
-
作者：Qin, Li; Deng, Ya-nan; Zhang, Xiang-yun; Tang, Ling-hui; Zhang, Chun - rui; Xu, Shi-min; Wang, Ke; Wang, Mei- hua; Zhang, Xian - hui; Su, Min; Xie, Qi; Hendrickson, Wayne A.; Chen, Yu-hang
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, CAS; Columbia University; Columbia University
摘要：Stomata in leaves regulate gas (carbon dioxide and water vapor) exchange and water transpiration between plants and the atmosphere. SLow Anion Channel 1 (SLAC1) mediates anion efflux from guard cells and plays a crucial role in controlling stomatal aperture. It serves as a central hub for multiple signaling pathways in response to environmental stimuli, with its activity regulated through phosphorylation via various plant protein kinases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying SLAC1 phosp...
-
作者：Brenowitz, Eliot A.; Lent, Karin L.; Miller, Kimberly E.; Perkel, David J.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：In adult songbirds, new neurons are born in large numbers in the proliferative ventricular zone in the telencephalon and migrate to the adjacent song control region HVC (acronym used as proper name) [A. Reiner et al. , J. Comp. Neurol. 473 , 377-414 (2004)]. Many of these new neurons send long axonal projections to the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). The HVC-RA circuit is essential for producing stereotyped learned song. The function of adult neurogenesis in this circuit has not been c...
-
作者：de la Prada, alex G.; Small, Mario L.
作者单位：University of Bremen; Columbia University
摘要：In US cities, neighborhoods have long been racially segregated. However, people do not spend all their time in their neighborhoods, and the consequences of residential segregation may be tempered by the contact people have with other racial groups as they traverse the city daily. We examine the extent to which people's regular travel throughout the city is to places beyond their comfort zone (BCZ), i.e., to neighborhoods of racial composition different from their own-and why. Based on travel p...
