2024

最新文章

• Widespread detoxifying NO reductases impart a distinct isotopic fingerprint on N2O under anoxia AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Renee Z.; Lonergan, Zachery R.; Wilbert, Steven A.; Eiler, John M.; Newman, Dianne K.
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology; Johns Hopkins University
  摘要：Nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, can be generated by multiple biological and abiotic processes in diverse contexts. Accurately tracking the dominant sources of N2O has the potential to improve our understanding of N2O fluxes from soils as well as inform the diagnosis of human infections. Isotopic Site Preference (SP) values have been used toward this end, as bacterial and fungal nitric oxide reductases (NORs) produce N2O with different isotopic fingerprints, spanning a large range...
• Changes in above- versus belowground biomass distribution in permafrost regions in response to climate warming AI翻译
  作者：Yun, Hanbo; Ciais, Philippe; Zhu, Qing; Chen, Deliang; Zohner, Constantin M.; Tang, Jing; Qu, Yang; Zhou, Hao; Schimel, Joshua; Zhu, Peng; Shao, Ming; Christensen, Jens Hesselbjerg; Wu, Qingbai; Chen, Anping; Elberling, Bo
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Universite Paris Saclay; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Gothenburg; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Copenhagen; Lund University; East China Normal University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Niels Bohr Institute; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins
  摘要：Permafrost regions contain approximately half of the carbon stored in land ecosystems and have warmed at least twice as much as any other biome. This warming has influenced vegetation activity, leading to changes in plant composition, physiology, and biomass storage in aboveground and belowground components, ultimately impacting ecosystem carbon balance. Yet, little is known about the causes and magnitude of long- term changes in the above- to belowground biomass ratio of plants (eta). Here, w...
• Cleavage of the syncytial protein of J paramyxovirus is required for its ability to promote cell-cell fusion AI翻译
  作者：An, Dong; Li, Zhuo; Beavis, Ashley C.; Briggs, Kelsey R.; Harvill, Mason; He, Biao
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
  摘要：Cell-cell fusion mediated by most paramyxovirus requires fusion protein (F) and attachment protein (H, HN, or G). The F protein is proteolytic cleaved to be fusogenically active. J paramyxovirus (JPV) has a unique feature in the family Paramyxoviridae: It encodes an integral membrane protein, syncytial protein (SP, formerly known as transmembrane protein, TM), which is essential in JPV- promoted cell-cell fusion (i.e., syncytial). In this study, we report that cleavage of SP is essential for i...
• Tree rings reveal the transient risk of extinction hidden inside climate envelope forecasts AI翻译
  作者：Evans, Margaret E. K.; Dey, Sharmila M. N.; Heilman, Kelly A.; Tipton, John R.; DeRose, R. Justin; Klesse, Stefan; Schultz, Emily L.; Shaw, John D.
  作者单位：University of Arizona; Harvard University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service
  摘要：Given the importance of climate in shaping species' geographic distributions, climate change poses an existential threat to biodiversity. Climate envelope modeling, the predominant approach used to quantify this threat, presumes that individuals in populations respond to climate variability and change according to species- level responses inferred from spatial occurrence data-such that individuals at the cool edge of a species' distribution should benefit from warming (the leading edge), where...
• Pleiotropy of positive selection in ancient ACE2 suggests an alternative hypothesis for bat- specific adaptations to host coronaviruses AI翻译
  作者：Guo, Yuan Ting; Jiang, Ji-Bin; Qiao, Guan-Rong; Luo, Rong-Hua; Zhou, Xin; Hua, Rong; Zheng, Chang-Bo; Liu, Zhen
  作者单位：Northwest University Xi'an; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Kunming Medical University; Kunming Medical University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS
  摘要：Angiotensin - convertingenzyme 2 (ACE2) has dual functions, regulating cardiovascular physiology and serving as the receptor for coronaviruses. Bats, the only true flying mammals and natural viral reservoirs, have evolved positive alterations in traits related to both functions of ACE2. This suggests significant evolutionary changes in ACE2 during bat evolution. To test this hypothesis, we examine the selection pressure in ACE2 along the ancestral branch of all bats (AncBat - ACE2), where powe...
• The prevalence of functional limitations in the US workforce AI翻译
  作者：Clark, Hailey; Ravesteijn, Bastian; Mullen, Kathleen J.; Maestas, Nicole
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; University of Oregon; University of Southern California; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：This research paper investigates the prevalence of functional limitations among employed adults in the United States and the association between these limitations and medical conditions. The authors administered a survey adapted from the Dutch Functional Abilities List to a nationally representative sample of US adults ages 22 and older, finding that nearly three-quarters of working adults report at least one functional limitation, with an average of nearly six functional limitations per worki...
• Prey can detect predators via electroreception in air AI翻译
  作者：England, Sam J.; Robert, Daniel
  作者单位：University of Bristol
  摘要：Predators and prey benefit from detecting sensory cues of each other's presence. As they move through their environment, terrestrial animals accumulate electrostatic charge. Because electric charges exert forces at a distance, a prey animal could conceivably sense electrical forces to detect an approaching predator. Here, we report such a case of a terrestrial animal detecting its predators by electroreception. We show that predatory wasps are charged, thus emit electric fields, and that cater...
• A journey to your self: The vague definition of immune self and its practical implications AI翻译
  作者：Koncz, Balazs; Balogh, Gergo Mihaly; Manczinger, Mate
  作者单位：HUN-REN; HUN-REN Biological Research Center; Institute of Biochemistry - HAS; HUN-REN; HUN-REN Biological Research Center; Szeged University
  摘要：The identification of immunogenic peptides has become essential in an increasing number of fields in immunolo - gy, ranging from tumor immunotherapy to vaccine devel - opment. The nature of the adaptive immune response is shaped by the similarity between foreign and selfprotein sequences, a concept extensively applied in numerous stud - ies. Can we precisely define the degree of similarity to self? Furthermore, do we accurately define immune self? In the current work, we aim to unravel the con...
• The modern human aryl hydrocarbon receptor is more active when ancestralized by genome editing AI翻译
  作者：Helmbrecht, Nelly; Lackner, Martin; Maricic, Tomislav; Paeaebo, Svante
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University
  摘要：The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor that has many functions in mammals. Its best known function is that it binds aromatic hydrocarbons and induces the expression of cytochrome P450 genes, which encode enzymes that metabolize aromatic hydrocarbons and other substrates. All present - day humans carry an amino acid substitution at position 381 in the AHR that occurred after the divergence of modern humans from Neandertals and Denisovans. Previous studies that have expres...
• Tweaking the NRF2 signaling cascade in human myelogenous leukemia cells by artificial nanoorganelles AI翻译
  作者：Wolf, Konstantin M. P.; Maffeis, Viviana; Schoenenberger, Cora Ann; Zuend, Tamara; Bar-Peled, Liron; Palivan, Cornelia G.; Vogel, Viola
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Basel; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
  摘要：NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid - 2 - related factor 2) is a key regulator of genes involved in the cell's protective response to oxidative stress. Upon activation by disturbed redox homeostasis, NRF2 promotes the expression of metabolic enzymes to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cell internalization of peroxisome - like artificial organelles that harbor redox - regulating enzymes was previously shown to reduce ROS - induced stress and thus cell death. However, if and to which extent R...