2024

最新文章

• Social bond dynamics and the evolution of helping AI翻译
  作者：Leimar, Olof; Bshary, Redouan
  作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Neuchatel
  摘要：Empiricists often struggle to apply game theory models to real-life cases of animal cooperation. One reason is that many examples of cooperation occur in stable groups, where individuals form social bonds that influence exchanges of help in ways that are not well described by previous models, including the extent of reciprocity and how relationships are initiated. We present a game theory model exploring the conditions under which social bonds between group members promote cooperation. In the ...
• Long-term neuropeptide modulation of female sexual drive via the TRP channel in Drosophila melanogaster AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Do-Hyoung; Janga, Yong-Hoon; Yun, Minsik; Lee, Kang-Min; Kim, Young-Joon
  作者单位：Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST)
  摘要：Connectomics research has made it more feasible to explore how neural circuits can generate multiple outputs. Female sexual drive provides a good model for understanding reversible, long-term functional changes in motivational circuits. After emerging, female flies avoid male courtship, but they become sexually receptive over 2 d. Mating causes females to reject further mating for several days. Here, we report that pC1 neurons, which process male courtship and regulate copulation behavior, exh...
• Torsional force microscopy of van der Waals moirés and atomic lattices AI翻译
  作者：Pendharkar, Mihir; Tran, Steven J.; Zaborski, Gregory, Jr.; Finney, Joe; Sharpe, Aaron L.; Kamat, Rupini V.; Kalantre, Sandesh S.; Hocking, Marisa; Bittner, Nathan J.; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Pittenger, Bede; Newcomb, Christina J.; Kastner, Marc A.; Mannix, Andrew J.; Goldhaber-Gordon, David
  作者单位：Stanford University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Stanford University; Stanford University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Sandia National Laboratories; National Institute for Materials Science; National Institute for Materials Science; Stanford University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：In a stack of atomically thin van der Waals layers, introducing interlayer twist creates a moir & eacute; superlattice whose period is a function of twist angle. Changes in that twist angle of even hundredths of a degree can dramatically transform the system's electronic properties. Setting a precise and uniform twist angle for a stack remains difficult; hence, determining that twist angle and mapping its spatial variation is very important. Techniques have emerged to do this by imaging the mo...
• Cooling inflammation while potentiating immune checkpoint inhibition: Enhancing the benefit-risk ratio of immuno- oncology therapy AI翻译
  作者：Potter, David A.; Guo, Zhijun; Lei, Jianxun; Antonarakis, Emmanuel S.
  作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• A model for stimulation of enzyme activity by a competitive inhibitor based on the interaction of terazosin and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 AI翻译
  作者：Riley, Mitchell J.; Mitchell, Colleen C.; Ernst, Sarah E.; Taylor, Eric B.; Welsh, Michael J.
  作者单位：University of Iowa; University of Iowa; University of Iowa; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Iowa
  摘要：The drug terazosin (TZ) binds to and can enhance the activity of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and can increase ATP levels. That finding prompted studies of TZ in Parkinson's disease (PD) in which decreased neuronal energy metabolism is a hallmark feature. TZ was neuroprotective in cell - based and animal PD models and in large epidemiological studies of humans. However, how TZ might increase PGK1 activity has remained a perplexing question because structural data reve...
• The social transmission of empathy relies on observational reinforcement learning AI翻译
  作者：Zhou, Yuqing; Han, Shihui; Kang, Pyungwon; Tobler, Philippe N.; Hein, Grit
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Psychology, CAS; University of Wurzburg; Peking University; University of Zurich; University of Zurich; University of Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
  摘要：Theories of moral development propose that empathy is transmitted across individuals. However, the mechanisms through which empathy is socially transmitted remain unclear. Here, we combine computational learning models and functional MRI to investigate whether, and if so, how empathic and non- empathic responses observed in others affect the empathy of female observers. The results of three independent studies showed that watching empathic or non- empathic responses generates a learning signal...
• Metabolism of host lysophosphatidylcholine in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Jiapeng; Fike, Katherine R.; Dapper, Christie; Klemba, Michael
  作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
  摘要：The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum requires exogenous fatty acids to support its growth during the pathogenic, asexual erythrocytic stage. Host serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a significant fatty acid source, yet the metabolic processes responsible for the liberation of free fatty acids from exogenous LPC are unknown. Using an assay for LPC hydrolysis in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes, we have identified small- molecule inhibitors of key in situ lysophospholipase acti...
• Contribution of protein conformational heterogeneity to NMR lineshapes at cryogenic temperatures AI翻译
  作者：Yi, Xu; Fritzsching, Keith J.; Rogawski, Rivkah; Xu, Yunyao; McDermott, Ann E.
  作者单位：Columbia University
  摘要：While low- temperature Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) holds great promise for the analysis of unstable samples and for sensitizing NMR detection, spectral broadening in frozen protein samples is a common experimental challenge. One hypothesis explaining the additional linewidth is that a variety of conformations are in rapid equilibrium at room temperature and become frozen, creating an inhomogeneous distribution at cryogenic temperatures. Here, we investigate conformational heterogeneity by...
• Self-replication of A/342 aggregates occurs on small and isolated fibril sites AI翻译
  作者：Curk, Samo; Krausser, Johannes; Meisl, Georg; Frenkel, Daan; Linse, Sara; Michaels, Thomas C. T.; Knowles, Tuomas P. J.; Saric, Andela
  作者单位：Institute of Science & Technology - Austria; University of London; University College London; University of Cambridge; Lund University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
  摘要：Self -replication of amyloid fibrils via secondary nucleation is an intriguing physicochemical phenomenon in which existing fibrils catalyze the formation of their own copies. The molecular events behind this fibril surface -mediated process remain largely inaccessible to current structural and imaging techniques. Using statistical mechanics, computer modeling, and chemical kinetics, we show that the catalytic structure of the fibril surface can be inferred from the aggregation behavior in the...
• The ubiquitin E3 ligase BFAR promotes degradation of PNPLA3 AI翻译
  作者：Das, Avash; Cheng, Haili; Wang, Yang; Kinch, Lisa N.; Liang, Guosheng; Hong, Sen; Hobbs, Helen H.; Cohen, Jonathan C.
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
  摘要：A missense variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain- containing protein 3 [PNPLA3(I148M)] is the most impactful genetic risk factor for fatty liver disease (FLD). We previously showed that PNPLA3 is ubiquitylated and subsequently degraded by proteasomes and autophagosomes and that the PNPLA3(148M) variant interferes with this process. To define the machinery responsible for PNPLA3 turnover, we used small interfering (si)RNAs to inactivate components of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Inac...