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作者：Clarke, D. Nathaniel; Rose, Noah H.; De Meulenaere, Evelien; Rosental, Benyamin; Pearse, John S.; Pearse, Vicki Buchsbaum; Deheyn, Dimitri D.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California San Diego; Thermo Fisher Scientific; Stanford University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are ubiquitous tools in research, yet their endogenous functions in nature are poorly understood. In this work, we describe a combination of functions for FPs in a clade of intertidal sea anemones whose FPs control a genetic color polymorphism together with the ability to combat oxidative stress. Focusing on the underlying genetics of a fluorescent green Neon color morph, we show that allelic differences in a single FP gene generate its strong and vibrant color, by i...
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作者：Moscoso, Miguel; Novikov, Alexei; Papanicolaou, George; Tsogka, Chrysoula
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Stanford University; University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：We propose a method for imaging in scattering media when large and diverse datasets are available. It has two steps. Using a dictionary learning algorithm the first step estimates the true Green's function vectors as columns in an unordered sensing matrix. The array data comes from many sparse sets of sources whose location and strength are not known to us. In the second step, the columns of the estimated sensing matrix are ordered for imaging using the multidimensional scaling algorithm with ...
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作者：Wachalska, Magda; Riepe, Celeste; Slusarz, Magdalena J.; Graul, Malgorzata; Borowski, Lukasz S.; Qiao, Wenjie; Foltynska, Michalina; Carette, Jan E.; Szewczyk, Krystyna Bienkowska-; Szczesny, Roman J.; Kopito, Ron R.; Lipinska, Andrea D.
作者单位：Fahrenheit Universities; University of Gdansk; Fahrenheit Universities; Medical University Gdansk; Stanford University; Fahrenheit Universities; University of Gdansk; University of Warsaw; Stanford University; Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics - Polish Academy of Sciences
摘要：The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a key player in the major histocompatibility class I- restricted antigen presentation and an attractive target for immune evasion by viruses. Bovine herpesvirus 1 impairs TAP- dependent antigenic peptide transport through a two- pronged mechanism in which binding of the UL49.5 gene product to TAP both inhibits peptide transport and triggers its proteasomal degradation. How UL49.5 promotes TAP degradation has, so far, remained unknown....
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作者：Zhang, Shuai; Wang, Mingming; Xiao, Liujun; Guo, Xiaowei; Zheng, Jinyang; Zhu, Biao; Luo, Zhongkui
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Nanjing Agricultural University; Peking University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University
摘要：Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is a key component of the global carbon cycle. Its temperature sensitivity Q10 (which is defined as the factor of change in mineralization with a 10 degrees C temperature increase) is crucial for understanding the carbon cycle- climate change feedback but remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate the universal control of carbon quality- availability tradeoffs on Q10. When carbon availability is not limited, Q10 is controlled by carbon quality; otherwise, ...
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作者：Kolesnikov, Alexander V.; Murphy, Daniel P.; Corbo, Joseph C.; Kefalov, Vladimir J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a common form of retinal dystrophy that can be caused by mutations in any one of dozens of rod photoreceptor genes. The genetic heteroge-neity of RP represents a significant challenge for the development of effective thera-pies. Here, we present evidence for a potential gene- independent therapeutic strategy based on targeting Nr2e3, a transcription factor required for the normal differentia-tion of rod photoreceptors. Nr2e3 knockout results in hybrid rod photorece...
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作者：Gill, David A.; Lester, Sarah E.; Free, Christopher M.; Pfaff, Alexander; Iversen, Edwin; Reich, Brian J.; Yang, Shu; Ahmadia, Gabby; Brown, Dominic A. Andradi-; Darling, Emily S.; Edgar, Graham J.; Fox, Helen E.; Geldmann, Jonas; Le, Duong Trung; Mascia, Michael B.; Mesa-Gutierrez, Roosevelt; Mumby, Peter J.; Veverka, Laura; Warmuth, Laura M.
作者单位：Duke University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Duke University; Duke University; North Carolina State University; World Wildlife Fund; Wildlife Conservation Society; University of Tasmania; University of Copenhagen; The World Bank; Conservation International; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; University of Queensland; University of Oxford
摘要：Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used for ocean conservation, yet the relative impacts of various types of MPAs are poorly understood. We estimated impacts on fish biomass from no-take and multiple-use (fished) MPAs, employing a rigorous matched counterfactual design with a global dataset of >14,000 surveys in and around 216 MPAs. Both no-take and multiple-use MPAs generated positive conservation outcomes relative to no protection (58.2% and 12.6% fish biomass increases, respectively),...
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作者：Freedman, Benjamin R.; Cruz, Juan A. Cintron; Kwon, Phoebe; Lee, Matthew; Jeffers, Haley M.; Kent, Daniel; Wu, Kyle C.; Weaver, James C.; Mooney, David J.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Rice University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital
摘要：Generating strong rapid adhesion between hydrogels has the potential to advance the capabilities of modern medicine and surgery. Current hydrogel adhesion technologies rely primarily on liquid - based diffusion mechanisms and the formation of covalent bonds, requiring prolonged time to generate adhesion. Here, we present a simple and versatile strategy using dry chitosan polymer films to generate instant adhesion between hydrogel-hydrogel and hydrogel-elastomer surfaces. Using this approach we...
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作者：Iversen, Rasmus; Sollid, Ludvig M.
作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Oslo
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作者：Meyer, Nicholas; Lok, Renske; Schmidt, Christina; Kyle, Simon D.; McClung, Colleen A.; Cajochen, Christian; Scheer, Frank A. J. L.; Jones, Matthew W.; Chellappa, Sarah L.
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; University of London; King's College London; Stanford University; University of Liege; University of Liege; University of Oxford; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Basel; University of Basel; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of Bristol; University of Southampton
摘要：Sleep, circadian rhythms, and mental health are reciprocally interlinked. Disruption to the quality, continuity, and timing of sleep can precipitate or exacerbate psychiatric symptoms in susceptible individuals, while treatments that target sleep-circadian disturbances can alleviate psychopathology. Conversely, psychiatric symptoms can reciprocally exacerbate poor sleep and disrupt clockcontrolled processes. Despite progress in elucidating underlying mechanisms, a cohesive approach that integr...
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作者：Qi, Yujia; Chang, Shyr-Shea; Wang, Yixuan; Chen, Cynthia; Baek, Kyung In; Hsiai, Tzung; Roper, Marcus
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Genoa; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Emory University
摘要：How do vessels find optimal radii? Capillaries are known to adapt their radii to maintain the shear stress of blood flow at the vessel wall at a set point, yet models of adaptation purely based on average shear stress have not been able to produce complex loopy networks that resemble real microvascular systems. For narrow vessels where red blood cells travel in a single file, the shear stress on vessel endothelium peaks sharply when a red blood cell passes through. We show that stable shear -s...
