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作者：Allen, Timothy A.; Hallquist, Michael N.; Dombrovski, Alexandre Y.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：Human cognitive capacities that enable flexible cooperation may have evolved in parallel with the expansion of frontoparietal cortical networks, particularly the default network. Conversely, human antisocial behavior and trait antagonism are broadly associated with reduced activity, impaired connectivity, and altered structure of the default network. Yet, behaviors like interpersonal manipulation and exploitation may require intact or even superior social cognition. Using a reinforcement learn...
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作者：Tu, Weiming; Thompson, Ian P.; Huang, Wei E.
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Hydrogen production through water splitting is a vital strategy for renewable and sustainable clean energy. In this study, we developed an approach integrating nanomaterial engineering and synthetic biology to establish a bionanoreactor system for efficient hydrogen production. The periplasmic space (20 to 30 nm) of an electroactive bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR- 1, was engineered to serve as a bionanoreactor to enhance the interaction between electrons and protons, catalyzed by hydrogen...
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作者：Negron, Alex; Getz, Matthew P.; Handy, Gregory; Doiron, Brent
作者单位：Illinois Institute of Technology; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Technical University of Munich; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Understanding the genesis of shared trial-to-trial variability in neuronal population activity within the sensory cortex is critical to uncovering the biological basis of information processing in the brain. Shared variability is often a reflection of the structure of cortical connectivity since it likely arises, in part, from local circuit inputs. A series of experiments from segregated networks of (excitatory) pyramidal neurons in the mouse primary visual cortex challenge this view. Specific...
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作者：DeSpenza Jr, Tyrone; Singh, Amrita; Allington, Garrett; Zhao, Shujuan; Lee, Junghoon; Kiziltug, Emre; Prina, Mackenzi L.; Desmet, Nicole; Dang, Huy Q.; Fields, Jennifer; Nelson-Williams, Carol; Zhang, Junhui; Mekbib, Kedous Y.; Dennis, Evan; Mehta, Neel H.; Duy, Phan Q.; Shimelis, Hermela; Walsh, Lauren K.; Marlier, Arnaud; Deniz, Engin; Lake, Evelyn M. R.; Constable, R. Todd; Hoffman, Ellen J.; Lifton, Richard P.; Gulledge, Allan; Fiering, Steven; Moreno-De-Luca, Andres; Haider, Shozeb; Alper, Seth L.; Jin, Sheng Chih; Kahle, Kristopher T.; Luikart, Bryan W.
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Washington University (WUSTL); Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College; Yale University
摘要：Enlargement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled brain ventricles (cerebral ventriculomegaly), the cardinal feature of congenital hydrocephalus (CH), is increasingly recognized among patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). KATNAL2, a member of Katanin family microtubule - severing ATPases, is a known ASD risk gene, but its roles in human brain development remain unclear. Here, we show that nonsense truncation of Katnal2 ( Katnal2 Delta 17 ) in mice results in classic ciliopathy pheno...
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作者：Varon, Daniel J.; Jervis, Dylan; Pandey, Sudhanshu; Gallardo, Sebastian L.; Balasus, Nicholas; Yang, Laura Hyesung; Jacob, Daniel J.
作者单位：Harvard University; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
摘要：We show that the Landsat and Sentinel - 2 satellites can detect NO 2 plumes from large point sources at 10 to 60 m pixel resolution in their blue and ultrablue bands. We use the resulting NO 2 plume imagery to quantify nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emission rates for several power plants in Saudi Arabia and the United States, including a 13 - y analysis of 132 Landsat plumes from Riyadh power plant 9 from 2009 through 2021. NO 2 in the plumes initially increases with distance from the source, likely...
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作者：Yu, Rose; Wang, Rui
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Modeling complex physical dynamics is a fundamental task in science and engineering. Traditional physics-based models are first-principled, explainable, and sampleefficient. However, they often rely on strong modeling assumptions and expensive numerical integration, requiring significant computational resources and domain expertise. While deep learning (DL) provides efficient alternatives for modeling complex dynamics, they require a large amount of labeled training data. Furthermore, its pred...
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作者：Holmes, Kathryn G.; Krutzen, Michael; Ridley, Amanda R.; Allen, Simon J.; Connor, Richard C.; Gerber, Livia; Stamm, Cindy Flaherty; King, Stephanie L.
作者单位：University of Western Australia; University of Zurich; University of Bristol; University of Massachusetts System; University Massachusetts Dartmouth; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
摘要：For over a century, the evolution of animal play has sparked scientific curiosity. The prevalence of social play in juvenile mammals suggests that play is a beneficial behavior, potentially contributing to individual fitness. Yet evidence from wild animals supporting the long - hypothesized link between juvenile social play, adult behavior, and fitness remains limited. In Western Australia, adult male bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ) form multilevel alliances that are crucial for their...
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作者：Zic, Mark P.; Ikeda, Matthias S.; Massat, Pierre; Hollister, Patrick M.; Ye, Linda; Rosenberg, Elliott W.; Straquadine, Joshua A. W.; Li, Yuntian; Ramshaw, B. J.; Fisher, Ian R.
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Cornell University; Cornell University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
摘要：Adiabatic decompression of paraquadrupolar materials has significant potential as a cryogenic cooling technology. We focus on TmVO 4 , an archetypal material that undergoes a continuous phase transition to a ferroquadrupole-ordered state at 2.15 K. Above the phase transition, each Tm ion contributes an entropy of k B ln 2 due to the degeneracy of the crystal electric field groundstate. Owing to the large magnetoelastic coupling, which is a prerequisite for a material to undergo a phase transit...
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作者：Chakrabarty, Anasuya; Chakraborty, Saikat; Nandi, Diptarup; Basu, Analabha; Feldman, Marcus
作者单位：Department of Biotechnology (DBT) India; National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG); Azim Premji Foundation; Azim Premji University Bengaluru
摘要：Sex difference (SD) is ubiquitous in humans despite shared genetic architecture (SGA) between the sexes. A univariate approach, i.e., studying SD in single traits by estimating genetic correlation, does not provide a complete biological overview, because traits are not independent and are genetically correlated. The multivariate genetic architecture between the sexes can be summarized by estimating the additive genetic (co)variance across shared traits, which, apart from the cross - trait and ...
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作者：Carrapa, Barbara; Decelles, Peter G.; Dawson (nee Canavan), Robin R.; Quade, Jay; Clementz, Mark T.; Schoenbohm, Lindsay
作者单位：University of Arizona; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Wyoming; University of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga
