Quantifying NOx point sources with Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite observations of NO2 plumes

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Varon, Daniel J.; Jervis, Dylan; Pandey, Sudhanshu; Gallardo, Sebastian L.; Balasus, Nicholas; Yang, Laura Hyesung; Jacob, Daniel J.
• 署名单位: Harvard University; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-12812
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317077121
• 发表日期: 2024-07-02
• 关键词: absorption cross-sections; emissions; tropomi; mission; retrieval; algorithm; lifetimes; catalog; urban

摘要

We show that the Landsat and Sentinel - 2 satellites can detect NO 2 plumes from large point sources at 10 to 60 m pixel resolution in their blue and ultrablue bands. We use the resulting NO 2 plume imagery to quantify nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emission rates for several power plants in Saudi Arabia and the United States, including a 13 - y analysis of 132 Landsat plumes from Riyadh power plant 9 from 2009 through 2021. NO 2 in the plumes initially increases with distance from the source, likely reflecting recovery from ozone titration. The fine pixel resolutions of Landsat and Sentinel - 2 enable separation of individual point sources and stacks, including in urban background, and the long records enable examination of multidecadal emission trends. Our inferred NO x emission rates are consistent with previous estimates to within a precision of about 30%. Sources down to - 500 kg h -1 can be detected over bright, quasi - homogeneous surfaces. The 2009 to 2021 data for Riyadh power plant 9 show a strong summer peak in emissions, consistent with increased power demand for air conditioning, and a marginal slow decrease the introduction of Saudi Arabia's Ambient Air Standard 2012.