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作者：Kimchi, Ofer; Meir, Yigal; Wingreen, Ned S.
作者单位：Princeton University; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Princeton University; Princeton University
摘要：Bacteria have evolved many defenses against invading viruses (phage). Despite the many bacterial defenses and phage counterdefenses, in most environments, bacteria and phage coexist, with neither driving the other to extinction. How is coexistence realized in the context of the bacteria/phage arms race, and how are immune repertoire sizes determined in conditions of coexistence? Here we develop a simple mathematical model to consider the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of competing bacter...
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作者：Padmanabha, Prajwal; Nicoletti, Giorgio; Bernardi, Davide; Suweis, Samir; Azaele, Sandro; Rinaldo, Andrea; Maritan, Amos
作者单位：University of Padua; University of Lausanne; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; National Biodiversity Future Center; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); University of Padua
摘要：Metapopulation models have been instrumental in quantifying the ecological impact of landscape structure on the survival of a focal species. However, extensions to multiple species with arbitrary dispersal networks often rely on phenomenological assumptions that inevitably limit their scope. Here, we propose a multilayer network model of competitive dispersing metacommunities to investigate how spatially structured environments impact species coexistence and ecosystem stability. We introduce t...
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作者：Sun, Funing; Luo, Genming; Pancost, Richard D.; Dong, Zhengkun; Li, Zhiguo; Wang, Hongmei; Chen, Zhong-Qiang; Xie, Shucheng
作者单位：China University of Geosciences; China University of Geosciences; University of Bristol; China University of Geosciences
摘要：Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas but also an important carbon and energy substrate for some lake food webs. Understanding how CH4 incorporates into food webs is, therefore, crucial for unraveling CH4 cycling and its impacts on climate and ecosystems. However, CH4-fueled lake food webs from pre-Holocene intervals, particularly during greenhouse climates in Earth history, have received relatively little attention. Here, we present a long-term record of CH4-fueled pelagic food webs across...
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作者：Davis, Andrew K.; Croy, Jordan R.; Snyder, William E.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：The conservation status of monarch butterflies in North America is a topic of intense scrutiny and debate. It is clear that winter colonies in Mexico are declining, yet some recent studies suggest that summer breeding populations are relatively stable and similar to historical abundances. One possible explanation for these discordant patterns is that fall migration success has been recently disrupted. Here, we use a relatively unexplored citizen- scientist dataset on the size of monarch roosts...
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作者：Ma, Anyi; Paek, Jessica J. W.; Liu, Fangzhou; Kim, Jae Yun
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Indiana University System; IU Kelley School of Business; Indiana University Bloomington; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; University of Manitoba
摘要：We propose that experiencing a lack of personal control will increase people's preferences for self- similar others and that this effect would be explained by a greater need for structure. Our hypotheses received support across 11 longitudinal, experimental, and archival studies composed of data from 60 countries (5 preregistered studies, N = 90,216). In an analysis of cross- country archival data, we found that respondents who indicated a lower sense of personal control were less likely to pr...
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作者：Westfall, Aundrea K.; Gopalan, Siddharth S.; Kay, Jarren C.; Tippetts, Trevor S.; Cervantes, Margaret B.; Lackey, Kimberly; Chowdhury, Saiful M.; Pellegrino, Mark W.; Castoe, Todd A.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Arlington; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Texas System; University of Texas Arlington
摘要：Canonical models of intestinal regeneration emphasize the critical role of the crypt stem cell niche to generate enterocytes that migrate to villus ends. Burmese pythons possess extreme intestinal regenerative capacity yet lack crypts, thus providing opportunities to identify noncanonical but potentially conserved mechanisms that expand our understanding of regenerative capacity in vertebrates, including humans. Here, we leverage single- nucleus RNA sequencing of fasted and postprandial python...
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作者：Pink, Katharina E.; Fischer, Barbara; Huffman, Michael A.; Miyabe-Nishiwaki, Takako; Hashimoto, Naoko Suda-; Kaneko, Akihisa; Wallner, Bernard; Pflueger, Lena S.
作者单位：Medical University of Vienna; University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Kyoto University; Kyoto University; University of Vienna
摘要：Human fetuses at term are large relative to the dimensions of the maternal birth canal, implying that their birth can be associated with difficulties. The tight passage through the human birth canal can lead to devastating outcomes if birth becomes obstructed, including maternal and fetal death. Although macaques have to accommodate similarly large fetuses, relative to their maternal birth canals, it was not known whether macaque mothers face birth difficulties similar to humans. Based on 27 y...
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作者：Duhne, Mariana; Mohebi, Ali; Kim, Kyoungjun; Pelattini, Lilian; Berke, Joshua D.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：Striatal acetylcholine and dopamine critically regulate movement, motivation, and reward- related learning. Pauses in cholinergic interneuron (CIN) firing are thought to coincide with dopamine pulses encoding reward prediction errors (RPE) to jointly enable synaptic plasticity. Here, we examine the firing of identified CINs during reward- guided decision- making in freely moving rats and compare this firing to dopamine release. Relationships between CINs, dopamine, and behavior varied strongly...
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作者：Wang, Xiangyang; Ma, Lin; Lu, Di; Zhao, Gan; Ren, He; Lin, Qiaoyu; Jia, Mingkang; Huang, Fan; Wang, Shan; Xu, Zhe; Yang, Zhou; Chu, Yan; Xu, Zigang; Li, Wei; Yu, Li; Jiang, Qing; Zhang, Chuanmao
作者单位：Peking University; Kunming University of Science & Technology; Capital Medical University; Tsinghua University; Capital Medical University
摘要：Progerin causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), but how progerin accelerates aging is still an interesting question. Here, we provide evidence linking nuclear envelope (NE) budding and accelerated aging. Mechanistically, progerin disrupts nuclear lamina to induce NE budding in concert with lamin A/C, resulting in transport of chromatin into the cytoplasm where it is removed via autophagy, whereas emerin antagonizes this process. Primary cells from both HGPS patients and mouse mode...
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作者：Wenger, Eliott S.; Schultz, Kollin; Marmorstein, Ronen; Christianson, David W.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Fusicoccadiene synthase from Phomopsis amygdala (PaFS) is a bifunctional terpene synthase. It contains a prenyltransferase (PT) domain that generates geranylgeranyl tenyl diphosphate, and a cyclase domain that converts GGPP into fusicoccadiene, a precursor of the diterpene glycoside Fusicoccin A. The two catalytic domains are connected by a flexible 69- residue linker. The PT domain mediates oligomerization to form predominantly octamers, with cyclase domains randomly splayed out around the PT...
