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作者：Fischer, Meike; Peters, Stefan T. M.; Herwartz, Daniel; Hartogh, Paul; Di Rocco, Tommaso; Pack, Andreas
作者单位：University of Gottingen; Max Planck Society; Thermo Fisher Scientific; University of Cologne; Ruhr University Bochum
摘要：The Moon formed 4.5 Ga ago through a collision between proto-Earth and a planetesimal known as Theia. The compositional similarity of Earth and Moon puts tight limits on the isotopic contrast between Theia and proto- Earth, or it requires intense homogenization of Theia and proto-Earth material during and in the aftermath of the Moon- forming impact, or a combination of both. We conducted precise measurements of oxygen isotope ratios of lunar and terrestrial rocks. The absence of an isotopic d...
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作者：Hou, Jianing; Guo, Pei; Wang, Junyan; Han, Da; Tan, Weihong
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, CAS
摘要：Artificially functional RNAs, such as fluorogenic RNA aptamer (FRApt)-based biosensing tag, represent significant advancements in various biological applications but are limited by the lack of insight into dynamic structure ensembles and universal design concepts. Through the development of an artificial RNA structure ensemble, we rationally established an RNA reconstitution model, SSPepper- Apt, to generate a universal fluorogenic RNA biosensing tag. By utilizing various target- recognizing R...
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作者：Kravtsova-Ivantsiv, Yelena; Goldhirsh, Gilad; Ciechanover, Aaron
作者单位：Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine; Technion Israel Institute of Technology
摘要：Cytokines constitute a family of proteins that modulate the immune system and are secreted by many cells. CXCL12, along with its receptor CXCR4, are essential players in numerous processes. Dysregulation of their function underlie the mechanism(s) of several pathologies, including malignancies. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected effect of the cytokine and its receptor: In both cells and animal models, CXCL12 restricts tumorigenicity of the human glioblastoma cells U87- MG and U- 118, and of a ...
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作者：Li, Lei-Lei; Xiao, Yujie; Wang, Baohui; Zhuang, Yunqi; Chen, Yumeng; Lu, Jing; Lou, Yonggen; Li, Ran
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
摘要：CRISPR- Cas9 genome editing systems have revolutionized plant gene functional studies by enabling the targeted introduction of insertion- deletions (INDELs) via the nonhomologous end- joining (NHEJ) pathway. Frameshift- inducing INDELs can introduce a premature termination codon and, in other instances, can lead to the appearance of new proteins. Here, we found that mutations in the rice jasmonate (JA) signaling gene OsJAZ10 by CRISPR- Cas9- based genome editing did not affect canonical JA sig...
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作者：Benn, Georgina; Borrelli, Carolina; Prakaash, Dheeraj; Johnson, Alex N. T.; Fideli, Vincent A.; Starr, Tahj; Fitzmaurice, Dylan; Combs, Ashton N.; Wuehr, Martin; Rojas, Enrique R.; Khalid, Syma; Hoogenboom, Bart W.; Silhavy, Thomas J.
作者单位：Princeton University; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; Imperial College London; University of Oxford; Princeton University; Princeton University; University of London; University College London; New York University
摘要：OmpA, a predominant outer membrane (OM) protein in Escherichia coli, affects virulence, adhesion, and bacterial OM integrity. However, despite more than 50 y of research, the molecular basis for the role of OmpA has remained elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that OmpA organizes the OM protein lattice and mechanically connects it to the cell wall (CW). Using gene fusions, atomic force microscopy, simulations, and microfluidics, we show that the beta- barrel domain of OmpA is critical for m...
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作者：Henze, Erik; Ehrlich, Jacqueline J.; Robertson, Janice L.; Gelsleichter, Eric; Kawate, Toshimitsu
作者单位：Cornell University; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Pannexin 1 (Panx1) constitutes a large pore channel responsible for the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from apoptotic cells. Strong evidence indicates that caspase- mediated cleavage of the C- terminus promotes the opening of the Panx1 channel by unplugging the pore. However, this simple pore- plugging mechanism alone cannot account for the observation that a Panx1 construct ending before the caspase cleavage site remains closed. Here, we show that a helical region located immediately...
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作者：Svoboda, Jakub; Chatterjee, Krishnendu
作者单位：Institute of Science & Technology - Austria
摘要：Spatial games provide a simple and elegant mathematical model to study the evolution of cooperation in networks. In spatial games, individuals reside in vertices, adopt simple strategies, and interact with neighbors to receive a payoff. Depending on their own and neighbors' payoffs, individuals can change their strategy. The payoff is determined by the Prisoners' Dilemma, a classical matrix game, where players cooperate or defect. While cooperation is the desired behavior, defection provides a...
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作者：Hussain, Saad; Suda, Hiraku; Nguyen, Christine H.; Yan, Dawei; Toyota, Masatsugu; Yoshioka, Keiko; Nambara, Eiji
作者单位：University of Toronto; Saitama University; Agriculture & Agri Food Canada; Suntory Holdings Ltd; Huazhong Agricultural University; University of Toronto
摘要：Plants need to adapt to fluctuating atmospheric humidity and respond to both high and low humidity. Despite our substantial understanding of plant responses to low humidity, molecular mechanisms underlying the high humidity (HH) response are much less well understood. In this study, we investigated early responses to HH in Arabidopsis. Expression of CYP707A3, encoding an abscisic acid (ABA) 8 '- hydroxylase, is induced by HH within 10 min, which leads to a decrease in foliar ABA level. We iden...
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作者：Yang, Hao; Sharma, Ajay; Daly, Michael J.; Hoffman, Brian M.
作者单位：Northwestern University; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences - USA; Northwestern University
摘要：Mn2+ coordinated by orthophosphate (Pi), metabolites, or peptides acts as a superoxide dismutase (SOD), and these Mn antioxidant complexes are universally accumulated in extremely radiation- resistant cell types across the tree of life. This behavior prompted design of decapeptide DP1 (DEHGTAVMLK) as a Mn2+ ligand, and development of a highly potent Mn2+- antioxidant (MDP) containing [Pi] = 25 mM, and [DP1] = 3 mM, the ratio found in the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, with [...
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作者：Pueschel, Thomas A.; Nicholson, Samuel L.; Baker, Joanna; Barton, Robert A.; Venditti, Chris
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Reading; Max Planck Society; Durham University
摘要：The fact that rapid brain size increase was clearly a key aspect of human evolution has prompted many studies focusing on this phenomenon, and many suggestions as to the underlying evolutionary patterns and processes. No study to date has however separated out the contributions of change through time within vs. between hominin species while simultaneously incorporating effects of body size. Using a phylogenetic approach never applied before to paleoanthropological data, we show that relative b...
