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作者：Holliday, Derek E.; Iyengar, Shanto; Lelkes, Yphtach; Westwood, Sean J.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Pennsylvania; Dartmouth College
摘要：Democratic regimes flourish only when there is broad acceptance of an extensive set of norms and values. In the United States, fundamental democratic norms have recently come under threat from prominent Republican officials. We investigate whether this antidemocratic posture has spread from the elite level to rank -and -file partisans. Exploiting data from a massive repeated cross-sectional and panel survey (n = 45,095 and 5,231 respectively), we find that overwhelming majorities of the public...
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作者：Shichijo, Takafumi; Yasunaga, Jun-ichirou; Sato, Kei; Nosaka, Kisato; Toyoda, Kosuke; Watanabe, Miho; Zhang, Wenyi; Koyanagi, Yoshio; Murphy, Edward L.; Bruhn, Roberta L.; Koh, Ki-Ryang; Akari, Hirofumi; Ikeda, Terumasa; Harris, Reuben S.; Green, Patrick L.; Matsuoka, Masao
作者单位：Kumamoto University; Kyoto University; University of Tokyo; Japan Science & Technology Agency (JST); Kyoto University; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Vitalant; Vitalant Research Institute; The West Japan Railway Company; Kyoto University; Kumamoto University; University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Human retroviruses are derived from simian ones through cross-species transmission. These retroviruses are associated with little pathogenicity in their natural hosts, but in humans, HIV causes AIDS, and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). We analyzed the proviral sequences of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) from Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) and found that APOBEC3G (A3G) frequently generates G - to - A...
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作者：Ramos-Figueroa, Josseline; Liang, Haoqian; van der Donk, Wilfred A.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：The continuing discovery of new peptide-aminoacyl-tRNA ligases (PEARLs) has unveiled a diverse array of enzymes with the unique potential to append amino acids to the C terminus of substrate peptides in an aminoacyl-tRNA-dependent manner. To date, PEARLs have been reported that can conjugate Cys, Ala, Trp, Gly, Leu, Asn, and Thr residues, but the basis of peptide substrate and aminoacyl-tRNA recognition is not known. Cell-free expression (CFE) has emerged as a powerful tool to rapidly assay ac...
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作者：Cavieres-Lepe, Javier; Amini, Emad; Zabel, Maia; Nassel, Dick R.; Stanewsky, Ralf; Wegener, Christian; Ewer, John
作者单位：Universidad de Valparaiso; University of Wurzburg; Stockholm University; University of Munster; Universidad de Valparaiso
摘要：Circadian clocks impose daily periodicities to behavior, physiology, and metabolism. This control is mediated by a central clock and by peripheral clocks, which are synchronized to provide the organism with a unified time through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Here, we characterized in Drosophila the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in coupling the central clock and the peripheral clock located in the prothoracic gland (PG), which together control the circadian rhythm of e...
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作者：Huebner, Valentin; Staab, Manuel; Hilbe, Christian; Chatterjee, Krishnendu; Kleshnina, Maria
作者单位：Institute of Science & Technology - Austria; University of Queensland; Max Planck Society
摘要：Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for cooperation in social dilemmas. The very logic of reciprocity, however, seems to require that individuals are symmetric, and that everyone has the same means to influence each others' payoffs. Yet in many applications, individuals are asymmetric. Herein, we study the effect of asymmetry in linear public good games. Individuals may differ in their endowments (their ability to contribute to a public good) and in their productivities (how effective t...
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作者：Ray, Dhiman; Parrinello, Michele
作者单位：Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT
摘要：Studying the pathways of ligand-receptor binding is essential to understand the mechanism of target recognition by small molecules. The binding free energy and kinetics of protein-ligand complexes can be computed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, often in quantitative agreement with experiments. However, only a qualitative picture of the ligand binding/unbinding paths can be obtained through a conventional analysis of the MD trajectories. Besides, the higher degree of manual effort in...
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作者：Saez, Juan C.
作者单位：Universidad de Valparaiso
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作者：Shi, Zhe; Tsymbalov, Evgenii; Shi, Wencong; Barr, Ariel; Li, Qingjie; Li, Jiangxu; Chen, Xing-Qiu; Dao, Ming; Suresh, Subra; Li, Ju
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Nanyang Technological University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Metal Research, CAS; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Nanyang Technological University
摘要：Recent studies have reported the experimental discovery that nanoscale specimens of even a natural material, such as diamond, can be deformed elastically to as much as 10% tensile elastic strain at room temperature without the onset of permanent dam-age or fracture. Computational work combining ab initio calculations and machine learning (ML) algorithms has further demonstrated that the bandgap of diamond can be altered significantly purely by reversible elastic straining. These findings open ...
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作者：Ti, Rujuan; Pang, Bin; Yu, Leiye; Gan, Bing; Ma, Wenzhuo; Warshel, Arieh; Ren, Ruobing; Zhu, Lizhe
作者单位：The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Fudan University; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; University of Southern California; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute
摘要：Physics - based simulation methods can grant atomistic insights into the molecular origin of the function of biomolecules. However, the potential of such approaches has been hindered by their low efficiency, including in the design of selective agonists where simulations of myriad protein-ligand combinations are necessary. Here, we describe an automated input - free path searching protocol that offers (within 14 d using Graphics Processing Unit servers) a minimum free energy path (MFEP) define...
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作者：Graham, Kailin; Knittel, Christopher R.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：As the world moves away from fossil fuels, there is growing recognition of the need for a just transition of those working in carbon -intensive industries and for policy to support this transition. While recent policies such as the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) have begun to incorporate support for energy -intensive regions, little work has thoroughly investigated which communities are most vulnerable to economic disruption in the energy transition and therefore require policy support. Th...
