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作者：Liu, Yang; Chen, Qiankun; Zhang, Hongli; Feng, Zeyu; Zou, Gang; Zhang, Douguo
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Hefei National Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS
摘要：Label-free optical imaging of single- nanometer-scale matter is extremely important for a variety of biomedical, physical, and chemical investigations. One central challenge is that the background intensity is much stronger than the intensity of the scattering light from single nano- objects. Here, we propose an optical module comprising cascaded momentum-space polarization filters that can perform vector field modulation to block most of the background field and result in an almost black back...
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作者：Liu, Yunpeng; Lichstein, Jeremy W.; Guralnick, Robert P.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Scheiner, Samuel M.
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; National Science Foundation (NSF)
摘要：Despite experimental and observational studies demonstrating that biodiversity enhances primary productivity, the best metric for predicting productivity at broad geographic extents-functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, or species richness-remains unknown. Using >1.8 million tree measurements from across eastern US forests, we quantified relationships among functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, species richness, and productivity. Surprisingly, functional trait and p...
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作者：Kong, Xuhui; Li, Ruiqi; Chen, Manqi; Zheng, Rongyan; Wang, Jichang; Sun, Chuanbo; Qu, Yuliang
作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University; Guangzhou Medical University
摘要：Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are frequently reactivated in mammalian placenta. It has been proposed that ERVs contribute to shaping the gene regulatory network of mammalian trophoblasts, dominantly acting as species- and placental- specific enhancers. However, whether and how ERVs control human trophoblast development through alternative pathways remains poorly understood. Besides the well- recognized function of human endogenous retrovirus-H (HERVH) in maintaining pluripotency of early huma...
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作者：Wang, Zhifei; Chen, Mengying; Su, Qiang; Morais, Tiago D. C.; Wang, Yan; Nazginov, Elianna; Pillai, Akhilraj R.; Qian, Feng; Shi, Yigong; Yu, Yong
作者单位：St. John's University; Westlake University; Westlake Laboratory; Westlake University; Tsinghua University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore
摘要：Mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes the polycystin-2 (PC2, also called TRPP2) protein, lead to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). As a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily, PC2 functions as a non- selective cation channel. The activation and regulation of the PC2 channel are largely unknown, and direct binding of small- molecule ligands to this channel has not been reported. In this work, we found that most known small- molecule agonists...
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作者：Zhang, Tianning; Yan, Qizhi; Yang, Xiaosheng; Ma, Weiliang; Chen, Runkun; Zhang, Xin; Janzen, Eli; Edgar, James H.; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; Zhang, Xinliang; Li, Peining
作者单位：Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Kansas State University; National University of Singapore; Xidian University
摘要：In conventional thin materials, the diffraction limit of light constrains the number of waveguide modes that can exist at a given frequency. However, layered van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), can surpass this limitation due to their dielectric anisotropy, exhibiting positive permittivity along one optic axis and negativity along the other. This enables the propagation of hyperbolic rays within the material bulk and an unlimited number of subdiffractional mod...
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作者：Habig, Michael; Grasse, Anna, V; Mueller, Judith; Stukenbrock, Eva H.; Leitner, Hanna; Cremer, Sylvia
作者单位：University of Kiel; Max Planck Society; Institute of Science & Technology - Austria
摘要：Entire chromosomes are typically only transmitted vertically from one generation to the next. The horizontal transfer of such chromosomes has long been considered improbable, yet gained recent support in several pathogenic fungi where it may affect the fitness or host specificity. To date, it is unknown how these transfers occur, how common they are, and whether they can occur between different species. In this study, we show multiple independent instances of horizontal transfers of the same a...
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作者：Jarmin, Ron S.; Abowd, John M.; Ashmead, Robert; Cumings-Menon, Ryan; Goldschlag, Nathan; Hawes, Michael; Keller, Sallie Ann; Kifer, Daniel; Leclerc, Philip; Reiter, Jerome P.; Rodriguez, Rolando A.; Schmutte, Ian; Velkoff, Victoria A.; Zhuravlev, Pavel I.
作者单位：Cornell University; Duke University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
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作者：Jensen, Victoria N.; Huffman, Emily E.; Jalufka, Frank L.; Pritchard, Anna L.; Baumgartner, Sarah; Walling, Ian; Gibbs, Holly C.; Mccreedy, Dylan A.; Alilain, Warren J.; Crone, Steven A.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; University of Kentucky; University of Kentucky; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati
摘要：The specific roles that different types of neurons play in recovery from injury is poorly understood. Here, we show that increasing the excitability of ipsilaterally projecting, excitatory V2a neurons using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) restores rhythmic bursting activity to a previously paralyzed diaphragm within hours, days, or weeks following a C2 hemisection injury. Further, decreasing the excitability of V2a neurons impairs tonic diaphragm activity a...
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作者：Jiang, Kai; Chen, Xu; Yan, Xiaoli; Li, Guangjun; Lin, Zhi; Deng, Zixin; Luo, Shukun; Qu, Xudong
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Wuhan University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Aromatic polyketides are renowned for their wide- ranging pharmaceutical activities. Their structural diversity is mainly produced via modification of limited types of basic frameworks. In this study, we characterized the biosynthesis of a unique basic aromatic framework, phenyldimethylanthrone (PDA) found in (+)/(-)- anthrabenzoxocinones (ABXs) and fasamycin (FAS). Its biosynthesis employs a methyltransferase (Abx(+)M/ Abx(-)M/FasT) and an unusual TcmI-like aromatase/cyclase (ARO/CYC, Abx(+)D...
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作者：Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Jenkinson, David; Stinton, Chris; Kunar, Melina A.; Watson, Derrick G.; Freeman, Karoline; Mansbridge, Alice; Wallis, Matthew G.; Kearins, Olive; Hudson, Sue; Clarke, Aileen
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Warwick; University of Cambridge
摘要：An abundance of laboratory - based experiments has described a vigilance decrement of reducing accuracy to detect targets with time on task, but there are few real - world studies, none of which have previously controlled the environment to control for bias. We describe accuracy in clinical practice for 360 experts who examined >1 million women's mammograms for signs of cancer, whilst controlling for potential biases. The vigilance decrement pattern was not observed. Instead, test accuracy imp...
