2024

最新文章

• AI- boosted and motion- corrected, wireless near- infrared sensing system for continuously monitoring laryngeal muscles AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Yihan; Putcha, Arjun; Lyda, Gavin; Peng, Nanqi; Pai, Salil; Nguyen, Tien; Xing, Sicheng; Peng, Shang; Fan, Yiyang; Wu, Yizhang; Xie, Wanrong; Bai, Wubin
  作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; North Carolina State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
  摘要：Neuromuscular diseases pose significant health and economic challenges, necessitating innovative monitoring technologies for personalizable treatment. Existing devices detect muscular motions either indirectly from mechanoacoustic signatures on skin surface or via ultrasound waves that demand specialized skin adhesion. Here, we report a wireless wearable system, Laryngeal Health Monitor (LaHMo), designed to be conformally placed on the neck for continuously measuring movements of underlying mu...
• Mitigating methane emissions in grazing beef cattle with a seaweed- based feed additive: Implications for climate- smart agriculture AI翻译
  作者：Filho, Paulo Meo -; Agudelo, John F. Ramirez -; Kebreab, Ermias
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：The ruminant livestock sector considerably contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates the effectiveness of pelleted bromoform- containing seaweed ( Asparagopsis taxiformis) (Brominata) as an enteric methane (CH4) inhibitor in grazing beef cattle. The primary objective was to assess the impact of this antimethanogenic additive on enteric CH4 emissions under real- world farm conditions. Twenty- four beef steers, crossbreeds of Wagyu and Angus, with an average livewei...
• Animal-sourced foods improve child nutrition in Africa AI翻译
  作者：Khonje, Makaiko G.; Qaim, Matin
  作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Bonn
  摘要：Child undernutrition remains a widespread public health problem in the Global South, especially in Africa. Childhood stunting-meaning linear growth retardation-is a comprehensive and commonly used indicator of chronic child undernutrition and is mostly the result of insufficient nutrient intake, among other factors. Previous research showed that the consumption of animal-sourced foods (ASF), including meat, dairy, eggs, and fish, is associated with lower rates of child stunting, but reliable e...
• Identification of 10,000-year- old rice beer at Shangshan in the Lower Yangzi River valley of China AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Li; Zhang, Jianping; Li, Jingbo; He, Yahui; Gao, Zhongzhe; Jiang, Leping
  作者单位：Stanford University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Stanford University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
  摘要：The origins of rice domestication and the beginnings of alcoholic fermentation in China are intriguing research topics, with the Shangshan culture in the Lower Yangzi River region being a focal point of archaeological investigations. This study employs a multi- proxy approach (phytolith, starch, and fungi) to analyze microfossil remains associated with pottery vessels from the earliest phase of the Shangshan site (ca. 10,000 to 9,000 cal. BP). The results indicate that rice was consumed as a d...
• Sustainability of animal-sourced foods and plant-based alternatives AI翻译
  作者：Qaim, Matin; Barrangou, Rodolphe; Ronald, Pamela C.
  作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Bonn; North Carolina State University; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
• Biomass- burning organic aerosols as a pool of atmospheric reactive triplets to drive multiphase sulfate formation AI翻译
  作者：Liang, Zhancong; Zhou, Liyuan; Chang, Yuqing; Qin, Yiming; Chan, Chak K.
  作者单位：King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; City University of Hong Kong
  摘要：Biomass- burning organic aerosol(s) (BBOA) are rich in brown carbon, which significantly absorbs solar irradiation and potentially accelerates global warming. Despite its importance, the multiphase photochemistry of BBOA after light absorption remains poorly understood due to challenges in determining the oxidant concentrations and the reaction kinetics within aerosol particles. In this study, we explored the photochemical reactivity of BBOA particles in multiphase S(IV) oxidation to sulfate. ...
• Neural responses to social rejection reflect dissociable learning about relational value and reward AI翻译
  作者：Babuer, Beguem G.; Leong, Yuan Chang; Pan, Chelsey X.; Hackel, Leor M.; Sejnowski, Terrence J.
  作者单位：University of Southern California; University of Chicago
  摘要：Social rejection hurts, but it can also be informative: Through experiences of acceptance and rejection, people identify partners interested in connecting with them and choose which ties to cement or to sever. What is it that people actually learn from rejection? In social interactions, people can learn from two kinds of information. First, people generally learn from rewarding outcomes, which may include concrete opportunities for interaction. Second, people track the relational value others ...
• North Atlantic and the Barents Sea variability contribute to the 2023 extreme fire season in Canada AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Guanyu; Li, Jing; Li, Xichen; Ying, Tong
  作者单位：Peking University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS
  摘要：In the late spring to summer season of 2023, Canada witnessed unprecedented wildfires, with an extensive burning area and smoke spreading as far as the East Coast of the United States and Europe. Here, using multisource data analysis and climate model simulations, we show that an abnormally warm North Atlantic, as well as an abnormally low Barents Sea ice concentration (SIC), are likely key climate drivers of this Canadian fire season, contributing to similar to 80% of the fire weather anomaly...
• Short- sighted evolution of virulence for invasive gut microbes: From hypothesis to tests AI翻译
  作者：Scanlan, Pauline D.; Baquero, Fernando; Levin, Bruce R.
  作者单位：University College Cork; University College Cork; Emory University
  摘要：Why microbes harm their hosts is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology with broad relevance to our understanding of infectious diseases. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this evolution of virulence. In this perspective, we reexamine one of these hypotheses in the specific context of the human gut microbiome, namely shortsighted evolution. According to the shortsighted evolution hypothesis, virulence is a product of niche expansion within a colonized host, wherebyvarian...
• Stable isotopic signature of dissimilatory nitrate reduction is robust against enzyme mutation AI翻译
  作者：Asamoto, Ciara K.; Ryu, Yeongjun; Eckartt, Kelly N.; Kelley-Kern, Julia; Dietrich, Lars E. P.; Sigman, Daniel M.; Kopf, Sebastian H.
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Princeton University; Columbia University
  摘要：The proportionality of oxygen-to-nitrogen isotope effects ((18)epsilon/(15)epsilon) is used as a key isotopic signature of nitrogen cycling processes in the environment. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction is observed to have an (18)epsilon/(15)epsilon proportionality of similar to 0.9 in marine and similar to 0.6 in freshwater/terrestrial ecosystems. The origins of this difference are uncertain, with both geochemical and biological factors conceivably at play. One potential factor is variation in...