2024

最新文章

• Machine learning without a processor: Emergent learning in a nonlinear analog network AI翻译
  作者：Dillavou, Sam; Beyer, Benjamin D.; Stern, Menachem; Liu, Andrea J.; Miskin, Marc Z.; Durian, Douglas J.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Standard deep learning algorithms require differentiating large nonlinear networks, a process that is slow and power-hungry. Electronic contrastive local learning networks (CLLNs) offer potentially fast, efficient, and fault-tolerant hardware for analog machine learning, but existing implementations are linear, severely limiting their capabilities. These systems differ significantly from artificial neural networks as well as the brain, so the feasibility and utility of incorporating nonlinear ...
• The choroid plexus maintains adult brain ventricles and subventricular zone neuroblast pool, which facilitates poststroke neurogenesis AI翻译
  作者：Taranov, Aleksandr; Bedolla, Alicia; Iwasawa, Eri; Brown, Farrah N.; Baumgartner, Sarah; Fugate, Elizabeth M.; Levoy, Joel; Crone, Steven A.; Goto, June; Luo, Yu
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati
  摘要：The brain's neuroreparative capacity after injuries such as ischemic stroke is partly contained in the brain's neurogenic niches, primarily the subventricular zone (SVZ), which lies in close contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Despite the wide range of their proposed functions, the ChP/CSF remain among the most understudied compartments of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report a mouse genetic tool (the ROSA26iDTR mouse line) for noninvas...
• Fluid inertia controls mineral precipitation and clogging in pore to network- scale flows AI翻译
  作者：Yang, Weipeng; Chen, Michael A.; Lee, Sang Hyun; Kang, Peter K.
  作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
  摘要：Mineral precipitation caused by fluid mixing presents complex control and predictability challenges in a variety of natural and engineering processes, including carbon mineralization, geothermal energy, and microfluidics. Precipitation dynamics, particularly under the influence of fluid flow, remain poorly understood. Combining microfluidic experiments and three- dimensional reactive transport simulations, we demonstrate that fluid inertia controls mineral precipitation and clogging at flow in...
• Nanoscale architecture of synaptic vesicles and scaffolding complexes revealed by cryo- electron tomography AI翻译
  作者：Held, Richard G.; Liang, Jiahao; Brunger, Axel T.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  摘要：The spatial distribution of proteins and their arrangement within the cellular ultrastructure regulates the opening of alpha- amino - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methyl - 4 - isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in response to glutamate release at the synapse. Fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed that the postsynaptic density (PSD) and scaffolding proteins in the presynaptic active zone (AZ) align across the synapse to form a trans - synaptic nanocolumn, but the relation to synaptic vesicle rele...
• Unraveling emergent network indeterminacy in complex A random matrix AI翻译
  作者：Kawatsu, Kazutaka
  作者单位：Tohoku University
  摘要：Indeterminacy of ecological networks-the unpredictability of ecosystem responses to persistent perturbations-is an emergent property of indirect effects a species has on another through interaction chains. Thus, numerous indirect pathways in large, complex ecological communities could make forecasting the long - term outcomes of environmental changes challenging. However, a comprehensive understanding of ecological structures causing indeterminacy has not yet been reached. Here, using random m...
• Densitaxis: Active particle motion in density gradients AI翻译
  作者：Shaik, Vaseem A.; Elfring, Gwynn J.
  作者单位：University of British Columbia
  摘要：Organisms often swim through density-stratified fluids. Here, we investigate the to swim parallel to gradients and hence display (positive or negative) densitaxis, while swimmers that propel by generating thrust in the back (pushers) rotate to swim normal to the gradients. This work could be useful to understand the motion of marine organisms in ocean or be leveraged to sort or organize a suspension of active particles by modulating density gradients.
• Institutionalizing a culture of inclusion to upend structural invisibility in school settings AI翻译
  作者：Covarrubias, Rebecca
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
• Americans harbor much less favorable explicit sentiments toward young adults than toward older adults AI翻译
  作者：Francioli, Stephane P.; Shakeri, Angela; North, Michael S.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; New York University
  摘要：Public and academic discourse on ageism focuses primarily on prejudices targeting older adults, implicitly assuming that this age group experiences the most age bias. We test this assumption in a large, preregistered study surveying Americans' explicit sentiments toward young, middle - aged, and older adults. Contrary to certain expectations about the scope and nature of ageism, responses from two crowdsourced online samples matched to the US adult population ( N = 1,820) revealed that older a...
• Airy- beam holographic sonogenetics for advancing neuromodulation precision and flexibility AI翻译
  作者：Hu, Zhongtao; Yang, Yaoheng; Yang, Leqi; Gong, Yan; Chukwu, Chinwendu; Ye, Dezhuang; Yue, Yimei; Yuan, Jinyun; Kravitz, Alexxai, V; Chen, Hong
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：Advancing our understanding of brain function and developing treatments for neurological diseases hinge on the ability to modulate neuronal groups in specific brain areas without invasive techniques. Here, we introduce Airy - beam holographic sonogenetics (AhSonogenetics) as an implant - free, cell type-specific, spatially precise, and flexible neuromodulation approach in freely moving mice. AhSonogenetics utilizes wearable ultrasound devices manufactured using 3D - printed Airy - beam hologra...
• Membrane nanotubes transform into double- membrane sheets at condensate droplets AI翻译
  作者：Zhao, Ziliang; Satarifard, Vahid; Lipowsky, Reinhard; Dimova, Rumiana
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Leibniz Institut fur Photonische Technologien; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Yale University
  摘要：Cellular membranes exhibit a multitude of highly curved morphologies such as buds, nanotubes, cisterna - like sheets defining the outlines of organelles. Here, we mimic cell compartmentation using an aqueous two - phase system of dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) encapsulated in giant vesicles. Upon osmotic deflation, the vesicle membrane forms nanotubes, which undergo surprising morphological transformations at the liquid-liquid interfaces inside the vesicles. At these interfaces, the nanotub...