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作者：Zhou, Zhenghu; Wang, Chuankuan; Li, Yu'e; Wang, Xuhui; He, Xinhua; Xu, Minggang; Cai, Andong
作者单位：Northeast Forestry University - China; Northeast Forestry University - China; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS; Peking University; Shanxi Agricultural University; University of Western Australia; University of California System; University of California Davis; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Agricultural Resources & Regional Planning, CAAS
摘要：Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural systems is a primary nature- based option for mitigating climate change, improving soil fertility, and ensuring food security. However, the consequences of global warming and increases in carbon inputs on cropland SOC stocks over the last few decades remain largely unknown, particularly in deeper soil layers. Here, by using repeated measurements, we reassess variations in SOC stocks across a 0 to 100 cm soil profile at the same locations in ...
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作者：Hutchison, William; Sugden, Patrick; Burke, Andrea; Abbott, Peter; Ponomareva, Vera V.; Dirksen, Oleg; Portnyagin, Maxim, V; Macinnes, Breanyn; Bourgeois, Joanne; Fitzhugh, Ben; Verkerk, Magali; Aubry, Thomas J.; Engwell, Samantha L.; Svensson, Anders; Chellman, Nathan J.; Mcconnell, Joseph R.; Davies, Siwan; Sigl, Michael; Plunkett, Gill
作者单位：University of St Andrews; University of Bern; University of Bern; Institute of Volcanology & Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, RAS; Russian Academy of Sciences; Helmholtz Association; GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel; Central Washington University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Exeter; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Geological Survey; University of Copenhagen; Niels Bohr Institute; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); Desert Research Institute NSHE; Swansea University; Queens University Belfast
摘要：Polar ice cores and historical records evidence a large-magnitude volcanic eruption in 1831 CE. This event was estimated to have injected similar to 13 Tg of sulfur (S) into the stratosphere which produced various atmospheric optical phenomena and led to Northern Hemisphere climate cooling of similar to 1 degrees C. The source of this volcanic event remains enigmatic, though one hypothesis has linked it to a modest phreatomagmatic eruption of Ferdinandea in the Strait of Sicily, which may have...
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作者：Layous, Majed; Gildor, Tsvia; Nehrer, Tovah; Qassem, Areen; Wolfenson, Haguy; de-Leon, Smadar Ben- Tabou
作者单位：University of Haifa; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine
摘要：Biomineralization is the utilization of different minerals by a vast array of organisms to form hard tissues and shape them in various forms. Within this diversity, a common feature of all mineralized tissues is their high stiffness, implying that mechanosensing could be commonly used in biomineralization. Yet, the role of mechanosensing in biomineralization is far from clear. Here, we use the sea urchin larval skeletogenesis to investigate the role of substrate stiffness and focal adhesion ki...
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作者：Nishikino, Tatsuro; Takekawa, Norihiro; Kishikawa, Jun-ichi; Hirose, Mika; Kojima, Seiji; Homma, Michio; Kato, Takayuki; Imada, Katsumi
作者单位：University of Osaka; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Nagoya Institute of Technology; University of Osaka; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Nagoya University
摘要：Many bacteria swim in liquid or swarm on surface using the flagellum rotated by a motor driven by specific ion flow. The motor consists of the rotor and stator, and the stator converts the energy of ion flow to mechanical rotation. However, the ion pathway and the mechanism of stator rotation coupled with specific ion flow are still obscure. Here, we determined the structures of the sodium- driven stator of Vibrio, namely PomAB, in the presence and absence of sodium ions and the structure with...
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作者：Reeder, T. R.; Titum, Paraj; Kindervater, J.; Stewart, V. J.; Ye, Q.; Qiu, Y.; Maliszewskyj, N.; Mcqueen, T. M.; Broholm, C. L.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) - USA; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：Introducing an experimental technique of time-resolved inelastic neutron scattering (TRINS), we explore the time-dependent effects of resonant pulsed microwaves on the molecular magnet Cr8F8Piv16. The octagonal rings of magnetic Cr3+ atoms with antiferromagnetic interactions form a singlet ground state with a weakly split triplet of excitations at 0.8 meV. A 4.6 tesla field was applied to tune the splitting between two members of the triplet excited level | 1 i <-> | 2 i to resonance with 105 ...
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作者：Zhu, Xintong; Pomerenk, Olivia; Ristroph, Leif
作者单位：New York University
摘要：Mechanical systems with moving points of contact-including rolling, sliding, and impacts-are common in engineering applications and everyday experiences. The challenges in analyzing such systems are compounded when an object dynamically explores the complex surface shape of a moving structure, as arises in familiar but poorly understood contexts such as hula hooping. We study this activity as a unique form of mechanical levitation against gravity and identify the conditions required for the st...
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作者：Liu, Xing; Liu, Tianxu; Shao, Zhen; Xiong, Xiaoyan; Qi, Shuhui; Guan, Junyong; Wang, Menghang; Tang, Yan-Dong; Feng, Zongdi; Wang, Lin; Yin, Xin
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS; Peking University; Peking University; Wageningen University & Research; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Nationwide Childrens Hospital; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Center for Vaccines & Immunity; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Historically considered to be nonenveloped, hepatitis E virus (HEV), an important zoonotic pathogen, has recently been discovered to egress from infected cells as quasi- enveloped virions. These quasi- enveloped virions circulating in the blood are resistant to neutralizing antibodies, thereby facilitating the stealthy spread of infection. Despite abundant evidence of the essential role of the HEV- encoded ORF3 protein in quasi- enveloped virus formation, the underlying mechanism remains uncle...
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作者：Zhou, Zhong-Biao; Chen, Li-Hui; Huang, Zhou-Chuan; Hofmann, Albrecht W.; Wang, Xiao-Jun; Zeng, Gang; Bi, Ya-Jing; Zhao, Jian; Carlson, Richard
作者单位：Nanjing University; Northwest University Xi'an; Nanjing University; Max Planck Society
摘要：Subducted plates often stagnate in the mantle transition zone (MTZ), and the fate of the stagnant slabs is still debatable. They may sink into the lower mantle, or remain partially trapped in the MTZ, but it is uncertain whether they can return to the upper mantle. We report geochemical evidence of late-Miocene (similar to 6 Ma) basalts from, and upper mantle seismic evidence beneath Shuangyashan, an area above the slab tear of the stagnant Pacific plate in eastern Asia, to show how the slab r...
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作者：Boulton, Kelsie A.; Guastella, Adam J.
作者单位：University of Sydney; NSW Health; Sydney Childrens Hospitals Network; University of Sydney
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作者：Calixto, Camilo; Soldatelli, Matheus Dorigatti; Jaimes, Camilo; Pierotich, Lana; Warfield, Simon K.; Gholipour, Ali; Karimi, Davood
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：This study presents the construction of a comprehensive spatiotemporal atlas of white matter tracts in the fetal brain for every gestational week between 23 and 36 wk using diffusion MRI (dMRI). Our research leverages data collected from fetal MRI scans, capturing the dynamic changes in the brain's architecture and microstructure during this critical period. The atlas includes 60 distinct white matter tracts, including commissural, projection, and association fibers. We employed advanced fetal...
