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• Dissecting the cellular architecture and genetic circuitry of the soybean seed AI翻译
  作者：Pelletier, Julie M.; Chen, Min; Lin, Jer-Young; Le, Brandon; Kirkbride, Ryan C.; Hur, Jungim; Wang, Tina; Chang, Shu-Heng; Olson, Alexander; Nikolov, Lachezar; Goldberg, Robert B.; Harada, John J.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Chung Hsing University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
  摘要：Seeds are complex structures composed of three regions, embryo, endosperm, and seed coat, with each further divided into subregions that consist of tissues, cell layers, and cell types. Although the seed is well characterized anatomically, much less is known about the genetic circuitry that dictates its spatial complexity.To address this issue, we profiled mRNAs from anatomically distinct seed subregions at several developmental stages. Analyses of these profiles showed that all subregions exp...
• Conservation of symbiotic signaling since the most recent common ancestor of land plants AI翻译
  作者：Vernie, Tatiana; Rich, Melanie; Pellen, Tifenn; Teyssier, Eve; Garrigues, Vincent; Chauderon, Lucie; Medioni, Laurena; van Beveren, Fabian; Libourel, Cyril; Keller, Jean; Girou, Camille; Lefort, Corinne; Le Ru, Aurelie; Martinez, Yves; Reinhardt, Didier; Kodama, Kyoichi; Shimazaki, Shota; Morel, Patrice; Kyozuka, Junko; Mbengue, Malick; Harrison, Maria; Vandenbussche, Michiel; Delaux, Pierre- Marc
  作者单位：Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite de Toulouse; Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; University of Fribourg; Tohoku University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; INRAE
  摘要：Plants have colonized lands 450 million years ago. This terrestrialization was facilitated by developmental and functional innovations. Recent evo-devo approaches have demonstrated that one of these innovations was the mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). The genetic pathways that have been involved in the establishment and functioning of AMS since its evolution remain poorly described. Here, we found that intracellular colonization by AM fungi induces a transcriptional reporter...
• The origin of color categories AI翻译
  作者：Garside, Daniel J.; Chang, Audrey L. Y.; Selwyn, Hannah M.; Conway, Bevil R.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
  摘要：To what extent does concept formation require language? Here, we exploit color to address this question and ask whether macaque monkeys have color concepts evident as categories. Macaques have similar cone photoreceptors and central visual circuits to humans, yet they lack language. Whether Old World monkeys such as macaques have consensus color categories is unresolved, but if they do, then language cannot be required. If macaques do not have color categories, then color categories in humans ...
• Across the firewall: Foreign media's role in shaping Chinese social media narratives on the Russo-Ukrainian War AI翻译
  作者：Hanley, Hans W. A.; Lu, Yingdan; Pan, Jennifer
  作者单位：Stanford University; Northwestern University; Stanford University
  摘要：There is a widespread perception that China's digital censorship distances its people from the global internet, and the Chinese Communist Party, through state-controlled media, is the main gatekeeper of information about foreign affairs. Our analysis of narratives about the Russo-Ukrainian War circulating on the Chinese social media platform Weibo challenges this view. Comparing narratives on Weibo with 8.26 million unique news articles from 2,500 of some of the most trafficked websites in Chi...
• Image segmentation with traveling waves in an exactly solvable recurrent neural network AI翻译
  作者：Liboni, Luisa H. B.; Budzinski, Roberto C.; Busch, Alexandra N.; Lowe, Sindy; Keller, Thomas A.; Welling, Max; Muller, Lyle E.
  作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); Western University (University of Western Ontario); Western University (University of Western Ontario); University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam
  摘要：We study image segmentation using spatiotemporal dynamics in a recurrent neural network where the state of each unit is given by a complex number. We show that this network generates sophisticated spatiotemporal dynamics that can effectively divide an image into groups according to a scene's structural characteristics. We then demonstrate a simple algorithm for object segmentation that generalizes across inputs ranging from simple geometric objects in grayscale images to natural images. Using ...
• Tungsten is utilized for lactate consumption and SCFA production by a dominant human gut microbe Eubacterium limosum AI翻译
  作者：Putumbaka, Saisuki; Schut, Gerrit J.; Thorgersen, Michael P.; Poole, Farris L.; Shao, Nana; Rodionov, Dmitry A.; Adams, Michael W. W.
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
  摘要：Eubacterium limosum is a dominant member of the human gut microbiome and produces short- chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These promote immune system function and inhibit inflammation, making this microbe important for human health. Lactate is a primary source of gut SCFAs but its utilization by E. limosum has not been explored. We show that E. limosum growing on lactate takes up added tungstate rather than molybdate and produces the SCFAs acetate and butyrate, but not propionate. The genes encoding...
• Income inequality and the erosion of democracy in the twenty-first century AI翻译
  作者：Rau, Eli G.; Stokes, Susan
  作者单位：Tecnologico de Monterrey; University of Chicago
  摘要：Among the most pressing problems societies face today are economic inequality and the erosion of democratic norms and institutions. In fact the two problems-inequality and democratic erosion-are linked. In a large cross-national statistical study of risk factors for democratic erosion, we establish that economic inequality is one of the strongest predictors of where and when democracy erodes. Even wealthy and longstanding democracies are vulnerable if they are highly unequal (though national w...
• MYO7A is required for the functional integrity of the mechanoelectrical transduction complex in hair cells of the adult cochlea AI翻译
  作者：Underhill, Anna; Webb, Samuel; Grandi, Fiorella C.; Jeng, Jing - Yi; Monvel, Jacques B. de; Plion, Baptiste; Carlton, Adam J.; Amariutei, Ana E.; Voulgari, Niovi; De Faveri, Francesca; Ceriani, Federico; Mustapha, Mirna; Johnson, Stuart L.; Safieddine, Saaid; Kros, Corne J.; Marcotti, Walter
  作者单位：University of Sheffield; Sorbonne Universite; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Sheffield; University of Sussex
  摘要：Myosin-VIIA (MYO7A) is an unconventional myosin responsible for syndromic (Usher 1B) or nonsyndromic forms of deafness in humans when mutated. In the cochlea, MYO7A is expressed in hair cells, where it is believed to act as the motor protein tensioning the mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channels, thus setting their resting open probability (P-o). However, direct evidence for this unique role for an unconventional myosin in mature hair cells is lacking. Here, we show that MYO7A has a distin...
• Aerosol light absorption alleviates particulate pollution during wintertime haze events AI翻译
  作者：Wu, Jiarui; Bei, Naifang; Wang, Yuan; Su, Xiaoli; Zhang, Ningning; Wang, Lili; Hu, Bo; Wang, Qiyuan; Jiang, Qian; Zhang, Chenchong; Liu, Yangfan; Wang, Ruonan; Li, Xia; Lu, Yuxuan; Liu, Zirui; Cao, Junji; Tie, Xuexi; Li, Guohui; Seinfeld, John
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Stanford University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS; California Institute of Technology
  摘要：Aerosol light absorption has been widely considered as a contributing factor to the worsening of particulate pollution in large urban areas, primarily through its role in stabilizing the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Here, we report that absorption- dominated aerosol-radiation interaction can decrease near- surface fine particulate matter concentrations ([PM2.5]) at a large- scale during wintertime haze events. A warm bubble effect by the significant heating rate of absorbing aerosols above ...
• Integration of basal and apical embryo lineage regulators controls F- actin cable integrity and zygote asymmetry in Arabidopsis AI翻译
  作者：Xiong, Feng; Zhang, Zhongjuan; Gong, Wen; Hermann, Marita; Bak, Deniz Tiambeng; Garbsch, Frauke; Laux, Thomas
  作者单位：Shandong Agricultural University; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg; University of Regensburg
  摘要：In many plants, the asymmetric division of the zygote sets up the apical-basal body axis. In the cress Arabidopsis, the zygote coexpresses regulators of the apical and basal embryo lineages, the transcription factors WOX2 and WRKY2/WOX8, respectively. WRKY2/ WOX8 activity promotes nuclear migration, cellular polarity, and mitotic asymmetry of the zygote, which are hallmarks of axis formation in many plant species. However, the role of WOX2 and how the antagonistic WOX2 and WRKY2/WOX8 functions...