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作者：Blumstein, Meghan; Webster, Sophie; Hopkins, Robin; Basler, David; Yun, Jie; Des Marais, David Lee
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of Virginia; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of Basel; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research
摘要：The phenological timing of leaf out in temperate forests is a critical transition point each year that alters the global climate system, which in turn, feeds back to plants, driving leaf out to occur nearly 3 d earlier per decade as temperatures rise. To improve predictions of leaf out timing, urban heat islands (UHIs) or densely developed areas that are hotter than surrounding undeveloped regions are often used to approximate warming via space-for-time substitutions (i.e., rural-to-urban temp...
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作者：Contessoto, Vinicius G.; Oliveira, Antonio B.; Brahmachari, Sumitabha; Wolynes, Peter G.; Di Pierro, Michele; Onuchic, Jose N.
作者单位：Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University
摘要：During mitosis, there are significant structural changes in chromosomes. We used a maximum entropy approach to invert experimental Hi-C data to generate effective energy landscapes for chromosomal structures at different stages during the cell cycle. Modeled mitotic structures show a hierarchical organization of helices of helices. High-periodicity loops span hundreds of kilobases or less, while the other low-periodicity ones are larger in genomic separation, spanning several megabases. The st...
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作者：Gu, Bowen; Ferreira, Leonardo M. R.; Herrera, Sebastian; Brown, Lara; Lieberman, Judy; Sherwood, Richard I.; Meissner, Torsten B.; Strominger, Jack L.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine (PCMM); Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Medical University of South Carolina; Medical University of South Carolina; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Maternal-fetal immune tolerance guarantees a successful pregnancy throughout gestation. HLA-G, a nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule exclusively expressed in extravillous trophoblasts (EVT), is a crucial factor in establishing maternal-fetal immune tolerance by interacting with inhibitory receptors on various maternal immune cells residing in the uterus. While trophoblast-specific cis-regulatory elements impacting HLA-G transcription have been described, the identity of trans-a...
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作者：Kharrat, Ons; Yamaryo-Botte, Yoshiki; Nasreddine, Rouba; Voisin, Sebastien; Aumer, Thomas; Cammue, Bruno P. A.; Madinier, Jean-Baptiste; Knobloch, Thomas; Thevissen, Karin; Nehme, Reine; Aucagne, Vincent; Botte, Cyrille; Bulet, Philippe; Landon, Celine
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作者：Malik-Moraleda, Saima; Taliaferro, Maya; Shannon, Steve; Jhingan, Niharika; Swords, Sara; Peterson, David J.; Frommer, Paul; Okrand, Marc; Sams, Jessie; Cardwell, Ramsey; Freeman, Cassie; Fedorenko, Evelina
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; University of Southern California
摘要：What constitutes a language? Natural languages share features with other domains: from math, to music, to gesture. However, the brain mechanisms that process linguistic input are highly specialized, showing little response to diverse nonlinguistic tasks. Here, we examine constructed languages (conlangs) to ask whether they draw on the same neural mechanisms as natural languages or whether they instead pattern with domains like math and programming languages. Using individual-subject fMRI analy...
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作者：Moniz, Philip; Druckman, James N.; Freese, Jeremy
作者单位：Northeastern University; University of Rochester; Stanford University
摘要：The file drawer problem-often operationalized in terms of statistically significant results being published and statistically insignificant not being published-is widely documented in the social sciences. We extend Franco's et al. [Science 345, 1502-1505(2014)] seminal study of the file drawer problem in survey experiments submitted to the Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) data collection program. We examine projects begun after Franco et al. The updated period coincides ...
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作者：Prakash, Praneet; Baig, Yasa; Peaudecerf, Francois J.; Goldstein, Raymond E.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Physics (INP); Universite de Rennes
摘要：In nature, there are significant relationships known between microorganisms from two kingdoms of life, as in the supply of vitamin B12 by bacteria to algae. Such interactions motivate general investigations into the spatiotemporal dynamics of metabolite exchanges. Here we study by experiment and theory a model system: a coculture of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, an obligate aerobe that is chemotactic to oxygen, and a nonmotile mutant of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which photosynthet...
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作者：Yang, Hang; Wu, Guowei; Li, Yaoxin; Xu, Xiaoyu; Cong, Jing; Xu, Haoshu; Ma, Yiyao; Li, Yang; Chen, Runsen; Pines, Adam; Xu, Ting; Sydnor, Valerie J.; Satterthwaite, Theodore D.; Cui, Zaixu
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Peking Union Medical College; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Psychology, CAS; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Beijing Normal University; Peking University; Tsinghua University; Stanford University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：The human cerebral cortex exhibits intricate interareal functional synchronization at the macroscale, with substantial individual variability in these functional connections. However, the spatial organization of functional connectivity (FC) variability across the human connectome edges and its significance in cognitive development remain unclear. Here, we identified a connectional axis in the edge-level FC variability. The variability declined continuously along this axis from within-network t...
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作者：Hong, Yuan; Peng, Xiangjun; Yu, Haomin; Jafari, Mohammad; Shakiba, Delaram; Huang, Yuxuan; Qu, Chengqing; Melika, Ermia E.; Tawadros, Andrew K.; Mujahid, Aliza; Huang, Yin-Yuan; Sandler, Jacob A.; Pryse, Kenneth M.; Sacks, Justin M.; Elson, Elliot L.; Genin, Guy M.; Alisafaei, Farid
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Johns Hopkins University; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Mechanical stretch can activate long- lived changes in fibroblasts, increasing their contractility and initiating phenotypic transformations. This activation, critical to wound healing and procedures such as skin grafting, increases with mechanical stimulus for cells cultured in two- dimensional but is highly variable in cells in three- dimensional (3D) tissue. Here, we show that static mechanical stretch of cells in 3D tissues can either increase or decrease fibroblast activation depending up...
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作者：Chen, Gang; Lv, Guangxin; Zhang, James H.; Tu, Yaodong
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Nanjing University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS
