-
作者：Zhao, Peixiong; Tong, Yuxin; Lazarte, Ivan P.; Khan, Biswadeep; Tian, Guangnan; Chen, Kenny K. Y.; Lam, Thomas K. C.; Hu, Yu; Semmelhack, Julie L.
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Oxford; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Stanford University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：The visual system can process diverse stimuli and make the decision to execute appropriate behaviors, but it remains unclear where and how this transformation takes place. Innate visually evoked behaviors such as hunting, freezing, and escape are thought to be deeply conserved, and have been described in a range of species from insects to humans. We found that zebrafish larvae would respond to predator- like visual stimuli with immobility and bradycardia, both hallmarks of freezing, in a head-...
-
作者：Brodersen, Craig R.; Brodribb, Tim J.; Hochberg, Uri; Holbrook, N. Michele; Mcadam, Scott A. M.; Zailaa, Joseph; Huggett, Brett A.; Marmottant, Philippe
作者单位：Yale University; University of Tasmania; VOLCANI INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH; Harvard University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Physics (INP); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：Diversification of plant hydraulic architecture and stomatal function coincides with radical changes in the Earth's atmosphere over the past 400 my. Due to shared stomatal anatomywith the earliest land plants, bryophyte stomatal behavior may provide insights into the evolution of stomatal function, but significant uncertainty remains due to technical limitations of measuring guard cell turgor pressure in situ. Here, we introduce a method for monitoring cell turgor pressure by nucleating microb...
-
作者：Hou, Jinchao; Magliozzi, Roberta; Chen, Yun; Wu, Junjie; Wulf, John; Strout, Gregory; Fang, Xiangming; Colonna, Marco
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Washington University (WUSTL); Imperial College London; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Zhejiang University
摘要：We investigated the role of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in myelin regeneration in the brain. TREM2 is a receptor that activates microglia, which are crucial for clearing myelin debris and promoting remyelination. Previous studies in a mouse model of demyelination induced by the copper-chelating agent Cuprizone (CPZ) have shown that stimulation of TREM2 with a monoclonal antibody reduces demyelination, while deleting the Trem2 gene in mice impairs remyelination. Her...
-
作者：Leung, Eugina; Urminsky, Oleg
作者单位：Tulane University; University of Chicago
摘要：Information search platforms, from Google to AI-assisted search engines, have transformed information access but may fail to promote a shared factual foundation. We demonstrate that the combination of users' prior beliefs influencing their search terms and the narrow scope of search algorithms can limit belief updating from search. We test this narrow search effect across 21 studies (14 preregistered) using various topics (e.g., health, financial, societal, political) and platforms (e.g., Goog...
-
作者：Gabriel, Rodney A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
-
作者：Narasimhan, Badri Narayanan; Fraley, Stephanie I.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：In native extracellular matrices (ECM), cells utilize matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade and remodel their microenvironment. Accordingly, synthetic matrices have been engineered to permit MMP-mediated cleavage, facilitating cell spreading, migration, and interactions. However, the interplay between matrix degradability and mechanical properties remains underexplored. We hypothesized that MMP activity induces immediate mechanical alterations in the ECM, which are subsequently detected ...
-
作者：Freissinet, Caroline; Glavin, Daniel P.; Archer Jr, P. Douglas; Teinturier, Samuel; Buch, Arnaud; Szopa, Cyril; Lewis, James M. T.; Williams, Amy J.; Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael; Dworkin, Jason P.; Franz, Heather. B.; Millan, Maeva; Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.; Summons, R. E.; House, Christopher H.; Williams, Ross H.; Steele, Andrew; McIntosha, Ophelie; Gomez, Felipe; Prats, Benito; Malespin, Charles A.; Mahaffy, Paul R.
作者单位：Universite Paris Saclay; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); Universities Space Research Association (USRA); Universite Paris Saclay; Howard University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)
摘要：Organic molecules preserved in ancient Martian rocks provide a critical record of the past habitability of Mars and could be chemical biosignatures. Experiments conducted by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument onboard the Curiosity rover have previously reported several classes of indigenous chlorinated and sulfur-containing organic compounds in Gale crater sedimentary rocks, with chemical structures of up to six carbons. Here, we report the detection of decane (C10H22), undecane (C11H24), ...
-
作者：Manza, Peter; Tomasi, Dardo; Demiral, Suekrue Baris; Shokri-Kojori, Ehsan; Lildharrie, Christina; Lin, Esther; Wang, Gene-Jack; Volkow, Nora D.
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA); University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore
摘要：Stimulant drugs that boost dopamine, like methylphenidate (MP), enhance attention and are effective treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet there is large individual variation in attentional capacity and response to MP. It is unclear whether this variation is driven by individual differences in relative density of dopamine receptor subtypes, magnitude of dopamine increases induced by MP, or both. Here, we extensively characterized the brain dopamine system with posi...
-
作者：Syropoulos, Stylianos; Sparkman, Gregg
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Boston College
摘要：Religious leaders shape the attitudes and beliefs of their congregations. In a nationally representative sample of U.S. religious leaders (N = 1,600), the majority of which were of a Christian faith, we find that nearly 90% believe in anthropogenic climate change to some degree. From this 90%, a total of 60% believe humans play a major role and an additional 30% believe they play a role, but a more minor one. Yet roughly half have never discussed it with their congregation, and only a quarter ...
-
作者：Wang, Yu
作者单位：Fudan University
