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作者：Bacheva, Vesna; Rockwell, Fulton E.; Salmon, Jean - Baptiste; Woodson, Jesse D.; Frank, Margaret H.; Stroock, Abraham D.
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; Cornell University; Harvard University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Bordeaux; CNRS - Institute of Chemistry (INC); University of Arizona; Cornell University
摘要：Local wounding in plants triggers signals that travel locally within the wounded leaf or systemically through the vasculature to distant leaves. Our understanding of the mechanisms of initiation and propagation of this ubiquitous class of signals remains incomplete. Here, we develop a unifying framework based on poroelastic dynamics to study two coupled biophysical processes-propagation of pressure changes and transmission of chemical elicitors via mass flows driven by these pressure changes-a...
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作者：Dickerson, Joshua L.; Naydenova, Katerina; Peet, Mathew J.; Wilson, Hugh; Nandy, Biplob; McMullan, Greg; Morrison, Robert; Russo, Christopher J.
作者单位：MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology
摘要：The physical limit in determining the atomic structure of biological molecules is radiation damage. In electron cryomicroscopy, there have been numerous attempts to reduce the effects of radiation damage by cooling the specimen beyond liquid-nitrogen temperatures, yet all failed to realize the potential improvement for single-particle structure determination. We have identified the physical causes of information loss at liquid-helium temperatures, and overcome them using a combination of nanos...
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作者：Kochlamazashvili, Gaga; Swaminathan, Aarti; Stumpf, Alexander; Kumar, Amit; Posor, York; Schmitz, Dietmar; Haucke, Volker; Kuijpers, Marijn
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Leibniz Forschungsinstitut furr Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP); Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Institute of Health; Free University of Berlin; Radboud University Nijmegen; Radboud University Nijmegen
摘要：Glutamate-mediated neuronal hyperexcitation plays a causative role in eliciting seizures and promoting epileptogenesis. Recent data suggest that altered autophagy can contribute to the occurrence of epilepsy. We examined the role of autophagy in neuronal physiology by generating knockout mice conditionally lacking the essential autophagy protein ATG5 in glutamatergic neurons. We demonstrate that conditional genetic blockade of neuronal autophagy results in action potential narrowing, axonal hy...
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作者：Pome, Antonella; Zimmermann, Eckart
作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf
摘要：Humans maintain a stable view of the world by omitting self-generated motion during rapid eye movements, or saccades. An efferent copy of the saccade motor command informs visual processing about the self-produced motion. However, efference copy information has been demonstrated to be disrupted in individuals with high autistic traits. Here, we investigated saccadic omission in participants with high vs. low autistic traits. Participants made saccades to peripheral targets and reported the loc...
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作者：Erickson, Anders W.; Tan, Henry; Hendrikse, Liam D.; Millman, Jake; Thomson, Zachary; Golser, Joseph; Khan, Omar; He, Guanyi; Bach, Kathleen; Mishra, Arpit Suresh; Kopic, Janja; Krsnik, Zeljka; Encha- Razavi, Ferechte; Petrilli, Giulia; Guimiot, Fabien; Silvestri, Evelina; Aldinger, Kimberly A.; Taylor, Michael D.; Millen, Kathleen J.; Haldipur, Parthiv
作者单位：University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; Seattle Children's Hospital; Benaroya Research Institute; University of Zagreb; Universite Paris Cite; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades - APHP; Universite Paris Cite; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Hopital Universitaire Robert-Debre - APHP; Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Texas Children's Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College Medical Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; University of Toronto
摘要：The cerebellar ventricular zone (VZ) is the primary source of progenitors that generate cerebellar GABAergic neurons, including Purkinje cells (PCs) and interneurons (INs). This study provides detailed characterization of human cerebellar GABAergic neurogenesis using transcriptomic and histopathological analyses and reveals conserved and unique features compared to rodents. We show that the sequential progression of neurogenesis is conserved and occurs before 8 postconception weeks. Notably, P...
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作者：Andersen, Camilla Gottlieb; Bavnhoj, Laust; Brag, Soren; Bohush, Anastasiia; Chrenkova, Adriana; Driller, Jan Heiner; Pedersen, Bjorn Panyella
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：The distribution of sugars is crucial for plant energy, signaling, and defense mechanisms. Sugar Transport Proteins (STPs) are Sugar Porters (SPs) that mediate proton-driven cellular uptake of glucose. Some STPs also transport fructose, while others remain highly selective for only glucose. What determines this selectivity, allowing STPs to distinguish between compounds with highly similar chemical composition, remains unknown. Here, we present the structure ofArabidopsis thaliana STP6 in an i...
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作者：Azimzadeh, Julien B.; Quinones, Patricia M.; Oghalai, John S.; Ricci, Anthony J.
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; Stanford Medicine; Stanford University
摘要：Although cochlear implants (CI) are the standard of care for profound sensorineural hearing loss they are technically constrained by the tendency of electrical current to spread within the fluid-filled chambers of the cochlea. This limits the resolution of individual electrodes and patients' perceptions of complex sounds. Infrared irradiation has been proposed as an alternative to electrical stimulation because it can elicit auditory responses while being spatially constrained, theoretically p...
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作者：Gabrieli, Tom; Tal, Yuval
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：Natural faults are typically nonplanar and exhibit multiple bends, which deviate from the general fault orientation at different angles. However, while such deviations are considered a key factor controlling earthquake propagation and, hence, its intensity and magnitude, direct experimental evidence of how bends affect earthquake ruptures is nearly nonexistent. Here, we present direct experimental observations of the interaction of dynamic frictional ruptures with fault (double-) bends of diff...
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作者：Ewart, Robert J.; Nastac, Michael L.; Bilbao, Pablo J.; Silva, Thales; Silva, Luis O.; Schekochihin, Alexander A.
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Universidade de Lisboa; University of Oxford
摘要：Generic equilibria are derived for turbulent relaxing plasmas via an entropy-maximization procedure that accounts for the short-time conservation of certain collisionless invariants. The conservation of these collisionless invariants endows the system with a partial memory of its prior conditions but is imperfect on long time scales due to the development of a turbulent cascade to small scales, which breaks the precise conservation of phase volume, making this memory imprecise. The equilibria ...
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作者：Sturchio, Matthew A.; Gallaher, Adam; Grodsky, Steven M.
作者单位：Cornell University; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; United States Department of the Interior; Cornell University; United States Geological Survey
摘要：United States (US) croplands are ideal recipient environments for solar photovoltaic (PV) energy because they are flat and have a high solar resource. Perceived threats of solar to agriculture have led some stakeholders to suggest that croplands be exclusively used to produce food. However, 12 million hectares of US croplands, an area about the size of New York State, are already dedicated to corn grown for ethanol (i.e., biofuel), an energy product that requires significantly more land than s...
