PNAS is one of the world's most-cited multidisciplinary scientific serials. Since its establishment in 1914, it continues to publish cutting-edge research reports, commentaries, reviews, perspectives, colloquium papers, and actions of the Academy. Coverage in PNAS spans the biological, physical, and social sciences. PNAS is published weekly in print, and daily online in PNAS Early Edition. The PNAS impact factor is 9.737 and the Eigenfactor is 1.
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：Sleep is an essential component of our daily life. A mutation in human salt induced kinase 3 (hSIK3), which is critical for regulating sleep duration and depth in rodents, is associated with natural short sleep (NSS), a condition characterized by reduced daily sleep duration in human subjects. This NSS hSIK3-N783Y mutation results in diminished kinase activity in vitro. In a mouse model, the presence of the NSS hSIK3-N783Y mutation leads to a decrease in sleep time and an increase in electroen...
作者单位：Jiangsu University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Nanyang Technological University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Acoustics, CAS; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Nanyang Technological University
摘要：Bloch wavefunctions in crystals experience localization within the bulk when disorder is introduced, a phenomenon commonly known as Anderson localization. This effect is considered universal, being applicable to all types of waves, quantum or classical. However, the interaction between disorder and topology-a concept that has profoundly transformed many branches of physics-necessitates revisiting the original Anderson localization picture. For instance, in the recently discovered topological A...
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Current genome sequencing initiatives across a wide range of life forms offer significant potential to enhance our understanding of evolutionary relationships and support transformative biological and medical applications. Species trees play a central role in many of these applications; however, despite the widespread availability of genome assemblies, accurate inference of species trees remains challenging due to the limited automation, substantial domain expertise, and computational resource...
作者：Kang, Ping; Liu, Peiduo; Hu, Yanhui; Kim, Jinoh; Kumar, Ankur; Hayes, Marlene K. Dorneich -; Murzyn, Wren; Anderson, Zenessa J.; Frank, Lexi N.; Kavlock, Nicholas; Hoffman, Elizabeth; Martin, Chad C.; Miao, Ting; Shimell, Maryjane; Coffman, Jo Anne Powell -; O'Connor, Michael B.; Perrimon, Norbert; Bai, Hua
作者单位：Iowa State University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：Developmental time (or time to maturity) strongly correlates with an animal's maximum lifespan, with late-maturing individuals often living longer. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. This may be because most previously identified longevity genes regulate growth rate rather than developmental time. To address this gap, we genetically manipulated prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), the primary regulator of developmental timing in Drosophila, to expl...
作者：Rosen, Paul C.; Glaser, Andrew; Martinez-Francois, Juan R.; Lim, Daniel C.; Brooks, Daniel J.; Fu, Panhui; Kim, Erica; Kern, Dorothee; Yellen, Gary
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Brandeis University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：Genetically encoded biosensors with changes in fluorescence lifetime (as opposed to fluorescence intensity) can quantify small molecules in complex contexts, even in vivo. However, lifetime-readout sensors are poorly understood at a molecular level, complicating their development. Although there are many sensors that have fluorescence-intensity changes, there are currently only a few with fluorescence-lifetime changes. Here, we optimized two biosensors for thiol-disulfide redox (RoTq-Off and R...
摘要：It is common to say that people feel entitled to rewards-they think they have earned or deserve them-based on their effort and achievement. However, effort and achievement draw on different principles to justify reward. They can also conflict over when people should feel entitled to rewards. These observations raise the question: In everyday settings, do people feel entitled to rewards because of their effort, achievement, or some combination of the two? To determine how effort and achievement...
作者：Hofmann, Valentin; Weissweiler, Leonie; Mortensen, David R.; Schuetze, Hinrich; Pierrehumbert, Janet B.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Munich; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Oxford
摘要：What mechanisms underlie linguistic generalization in large language models (LLMs)? This question has attracted considerable attention, with most studies analyzing the extent to which the language skills of LLMs resemble rules. As of yet, it is not known whether linguistic generalization in LLMs could equally well be explained as the result of analogy. A key shortcoming of prior research is its focus on regular linguistic phenomena, for which rule-based and analogical approaches make the same ...
作者：Rick, John W.; Lema, Veronica S.; Echeverria, Javier; Valverde, Giuseppe Alva; Contreras, Daniel A.; Espinoza, Oscar Arias; Rosenfeld, Silvana A.; Sayre, Matthew P.
作者单位：Stanford University; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); National University of Cordoba; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
摘要：Ritual is broadly accepted as an important locus of social interaction in the pre-Hispanic Central Andes, and research into the development of durable sociopolitical inequality in the region often focuses on the social and political roles of public rituals. At the Middle-Late Formative Period (ca. 1200-400 BCE) monumental center of Chav & iacute;n de Hu & aacute;ntar, as well as at contemporary sites, ritual has long been hypothesized to include the use of psychoactive plants. However, neither...
作者：Chu, C. Y. Cyrus; Chang, Juin-Jen; Lin, Chang-Ching
作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan
摘要：This paper examines the relationship between democrati zation and the development of AI and information and communication technology (ICT). Our empirical evidence shows that in the past 10 y, the advancement of AI/ICT has hindered the development of democracy in many countries around the world. Given that both the state rulers and civil society groups can use AI/ICT, the key that determines which side would benefit more from the advancement of these technologies hinges upon technology compleme...
摘要：While current arousal level assessments in patients with disorders of consciousness discriminate altered states of consciousness, there are significant limitations in characterizing the transition from one state to another or quantifying the frequent arousal level fluctuations observed in a patient. Here, we identified a repeated, temporally discrete, dynamical pattern evident in the recovery of consciousness from anesthesia and brain injury coma models in rodents. We prospectively validated t...
