-
作者：Fan, Weiwei; Oh, Tae Gyu; Wang, Hui J.; Crossley, Lillian; He, Mingxiao; Robbins, Hunter; Koopari, Chandra; Dai, Yang; Truitt, Morgan L.; Liddle, Christopher; Yu, Ruth T.; Atkins, Annette R.; Downes, Michael; Evans, Ronald M.
作者单位：Salk Institute; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; University of Sydney; Westmead Institute for Medical Research; University of Sydney
摘要：Mitochondrial energy metabolism is vital for muscle function and is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level, both in the basal state and during adaptive muscle remodeling. The importance of the transcription factors estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) in controlling innate mitochondrial energetics has been recently demonstrated. However, whether different ERR isoforms display distinct functions in glycolytic versus oxidative myofibers is largely unknown. Moreover, their roles in regulati...
-
作者：Lehr, Steven A.; Saichandran, Ketan S.; Harmon-Jones, Eddie; Vitali, Nykko; Banaji, Mahzarin R.
作者单位：Boston University; University of New South Wales Sydney; Harvard University
摘要：Large language models (LLMs) show emergent patterns that mimic human cognition. We explore whether they also mirror other, less deliberative human psychological processes. Drawing upon classical theories of cognitive consistency, two preregistered studies tested whether GPT-4o changed its attitudes toward Vladimir Putin in the direction of a positive or negative essay it wrote about the Russian leader. Indeed, GPT displayed patterns of attitude change mimicking cognitive dissonance effects in ...
-
作者：Olszakier, Shunit; Hussein, Wessal; Heinrich, Ronit; Andreyanov, Michael; Blau, Achinoam; Otor, Yara; Schiller, Jackie; Kellner, Shai; Berlin, Shai
作者单位：Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine
摘要：Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have revolutionized the study of cellular calcium signaling, offering powerful tools for real-time optical monitoring of calcium dynamics. Although contemporary GECIs can be targeted to various organelles, there are no means to obtain active and functional GECIs exclusively at interorganellar junctions. To address this gap, we have developed a toolbox of split versions of green and red GECIs designed to reassemble only when the two halves come int...
-
作者：Soriaga, Leah B.; Balce, Dale R.; Bartha, Istvan; Park, Arnold; Wong, Emily; McAllaster, Michael; Mueller, Elizabeth A.; Barauskas, Ona; Carabajal, Esteban; Kowalski, Beatriz; Lee, Sooyoung; Lo, Gary; Mahoney, Tara F.; Metruccio, Matteo; Sahakyan, Anna; Somasundaram, Logeshwaran; Steinfeld, Tod; Wang, Lisha; Wedel, Laura; Yim, Samantha S.; Yin, Li; Zhou, Jiayi; Newby, Zach; Tse, Winston; Grosse, Johannes; Virgin, Herbert W.; Hwang, Seungmin; Telenti, Amalio
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
摘要：Respiratory viruses represent a major global health burden. Although these viruses have different life cycles, they may depend on common host genetic factors, which could be targeted by broad-spectrum host-directed therapies. We used genome-wide CRISPR screens and advanced data analytics to map a network of host genes that support infection by nine human respiratory viruses [influenza A virus, parainfluenza virus, human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human coronavirus (HCoV)-229E, HC...
-
作者：Erb, Alexander; Kind, Jonas; Zankel, Timon L.; Stark, Robert W.; Thiele, Christina M.
作者单位：Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt
摘要：Evaporation of sessile multicomponent droplets is ubiquitous in many common processes, such as printing, cooling, and coating. The evaporation rate is not evenly distributed across the surface of the droplet. As a result, there are regions with high evaporation rates in which the more volatile part evaporates preferentially; this can induce local surface tension gradients, which, in combination with density differences, can lead to flows within the droplet originating from local concentration ...
-
作者：Chen, Zhaoyang; Tian, Li; Ge, Jin; Wang, Shiyu; Chen, Ting; Duan, Yuange; Song, Fan; Cai, Wanzhi; Wang, Zhengwei; Li, Hu
作者单位：China Agricultural University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, CAS
摘要：Tool use is widely reported across a broad range of the animal kingdom, yet comprehensive empirical tests of its function and evolutionary drivers remain scarce, predominantly focused on a few relatively intelligent vertebrate lineages. In this study, we provide a comprehensive examination of tool use behavior in the assassin bug Pahabengkakia piliceps, a specialist predator of stingless bees that exploits resin droplet from bee nest entrance to facilitate hunting. Field behavioral experiments...
-
作者：Gupta, Shruti; Arnab, Sreejita; Nguyen, Kayla L.; Reed, Marisa; Fathi, Payam; Tammen, Kelly; Turner, Emma; Jones, Erin; Fischer, Roman; Mendelowitz, David; Bethea, John R.
作者单位：George Washington University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Stuttgart; George Washington University
摘要：Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) activation is a promising-therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic neuropathic pain (CNP). This study aimed to identify mechanisms governing the sex-specific efficacy of TNFR2 activation on abrogating pain and motor disease severity in mice experiencing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS. We find that the XX sex-chromosome complement is indispensable for TNFR2-mediated a...
-
作者：McArthur, Hannah C. W.; Bajur, Anna T.; Iliopoulou, Maro; Spillane, Katelyn M.
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; King's College London; Imperial College London
摘要：B cells discriminate antigens in immune synapses by capturing them from antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This discrimination relies on the application of mechanical force to B cell receptor (BCR)-antigen bonds, allowing B cells to selectively disrupt low-affinity interactions while internalizing high-affinity antigens. Using DNA-based tension sensors combined with high-resolution imaging, we demonstrate that the magnitude, location, and timing of forces within the immune synapse are influenced...
-
作者：Lee, Sujin R.; Evans, Katherine M.; Woodcock, Jeremiah W.; Obrzut, Jan; Huang, Liping; Soles, Christopher L.; Chan, Edwin P.
作者单位：National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) - USA; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
摘要：Critical to their survival, natural organisms have developed exoskeletons that can withstand and inflict damage over their lifetime. The Bouligand structure of the exoskeleton plays a key role in toughness and damage resistance under external impacts. Numerous studies have investigated the morphology of Bouligands and their mechanical properties, yet understanding their structure-function relationship remains challenging due to the complex mechanical responses of biological materials and the l...
-
作者：Stratton, Harrison J.; Dolatyari, Mahdi; Kopruszinski, Carol; Ghetti, Andre; Maciuba, Stephanie; Bowden, Greg; Riviere, Pierre; Barber, Kara; Dodick, David W.; Edorh, Edel; Dumaire, Nicolas; Moutal, Aubin; Navratilova, Edita; Porreca, Frank
作者单位：University of Arizona; Saint Louis University
摘要：Scheduled surgeries elicit stress in many patients. Levels of preoperative stress, anxiety, and female gender are known risk factors for increased and prolonged postoperative pain. The mechanisms by which psychological stress increases postoperative pain, especially in women, remain unknown. We hypothesized that stress amplifies postoperative pain by sensitizing dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors. Prolactin (PRL) is a female-predominant neurohormone that is controlled by estrogen and stres...
