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作者：Fritts, Ryan K.; Ebmeier, Christopher C.; Copley, Shelley D.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Gene amplification can drive adaptation by rapidly increasing the cellular dosage of critical gene products. Segmental amplifications often encompass large genomic regions surrounding the gene(s) under selection for higher dosage. Overexpression of coamplified neighboring genes imposes a substantial metabolic burden. While compensatory mutations can decrease inappropriate overexpression of coamplified genes, it takes time for such mutations to arise. The extent to which intrinsic regulatory me...
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作者：Yang, Qing; Chen, Di; Liu, Xi; Li, Wenjie; Zheng, Huizhen; Cai, Xiaoming; Li, Ruibin
作者单位：Soochow University - China; Soochow University - China; Soochow University - China; Technical University of Ostrava
摘要：Breast milk is crucial for infant health, offering essential nutrients and immune protection. However, despite increasing exposure risks from nanoparticles (NPs), their potential infiltration into human breast milk remains poorly understood. This study provides a comprehensive chemical profile of NPs in human breast milk, analyzing their elemental composition, surface charge, hydrodynamic size, and crystallinity. NPs were detected in 42 out of 53 milk samples, with concentrations reaching up t...
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作者：Baltz, Samuel; Gonzalez, Fernanda; Guo, Kevin; Jaffe, Jacob; Stewart III, Charles
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Wellesley College; Stanford University
摘要：After many elections, the accuracy of the vote count is assessed by retabulating a small percentage of ballots. These audits form one of the richest bodies of evidence regarding electoral legitimacy, which is particularly important in democracies where the accuracy of elections has been prominently questioned. In decentralized democracies such as the United States, however, there is tremendous variation in the conduct and reporting of audits, which are never compiled into one place to facilita...
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作者：Meisels, Mellissa
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：In 2022, the US Supreme Court overturned the constitutional protection of abortion rights established in Roe v. Wade. In doing so, Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization moved status quo on abortion policy more into line with the Republican Party's stance. Subsequent research has documented the decision's impact on mass political behavior and opinion, yet less is known about its impact on the behavior of political elites. I provide evidence on congressional candidates' strategic response...
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作者：Al-Shaer, Alaa; Forde, Nancy R.
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; Simon Fraser University
摘要：Collagen has been evolutionarily selected as the preferred building block of extracellular structures. Despite inherent thermodynamic instability of individual proteins at body temperature, collagen manages to assemble into higher-order structures that provide mechanical support to tissues. Sequence features that enhance collagen stability have been deduced primarily from studies of collagen-mimetic peptides, as collagen's large size has precluded high-resolution studies of its structure. Thus...
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作者：Fujino, Misako; Haruno, Masahiko
作者单位：National Institute of Information & Communications Technology (NICT) - Japan; University of Osaka
摘要：Previous studies on fear extinction have primarily focused on repeated exposure to fear-inducing context without negative consequences. However, it is also possible that an individual can reduce fear responses by predicting that they can transition to a safe environment through their own actions, even if a fear-inducing context appears. Here, by conducting two virtual reality (VR) experiments (Exp 1 and Exp 2) involving height and flight scenarios, we examined whether participants' fear respon...
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作者：Ahituv, Hadar; Henry, Amanda G.; Melamed, Yoel; Goren-Inbar, Naama; Bakels, Corrie; Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila; Cabanes, Dan; Stone, Jeffery R.; Rowe, Walter F.; Alperson-Afil, Nira
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作者：Zhao, Ranran; Ge, Weiqi; Xue, Weikang; Deng, Zaidong; Liu, Jiaze; Wang, Kaiqi; Jin, Youngnam N.; Yu, Yanxun, V
作者单位：Wuhan University; Wuhan University
摘要：The impact of neural activity on aging and longevity remains poorly understood, with limited understanding of the specific neuron groups and molecular mechanisms that regulate lifespan. In this study, we uncover a correlation between human longevity and reduced CaMK4 expression in the frontal cortex. We further show that this link is conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans, where the loss of the homolog CMK-1 leads to increased longevity and enhanced proteostasis. These beneficial effects are prim...
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作者：Doktorova, Milka; Daum, Sebastian; Reagle, Tyler R.; Cannon, Hannah I.; Ebenhan, Jan; Neudorf, Sarah; Han, Bing; Sharma, Satyan; Kasson, Peter; Levental, Kandice R.; Bacia, Kirsten; Kenworthy, Anne K.; Levental, Ilya
作者单位：University of Virginia; Stockholm University; Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg; Uppsala University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：Caveolin is a monotopic integral membrane protein, widely expressed in metazoans and responsible for constructing enigmatic membrane invaginations known as caveolae. Recently, the high-resolution structure of a purified human caveolin assembly, the CAV1-8S complex, revealed a unique organization of 11 protomers arranged in a tightly packed, radially symmetric spiral disc. One face and the outer rim of this disc are hydrophobic, suggesting that the complex incorporates into membranes by displac...
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作者：Gippert, Magdalena; Shih, Pei-Cheng; Heed, Tobias; Howard, Ian S.; Idaji, Mina Jamshidi; Villringer, Arno; Sehm, Bernhard; Nikulin, Vadim V.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Salzburg University; Salzburg University; University of Plymouth; Technical University of Berlin; Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg
摘要：Motor imagery is frequently utilized to improve the performance of specific target movements in sports and rehabilitation. In this study, we show that motor imagery can facilitate learning of not only the imagined target movements but also sequentially linked overt movements. Hybrid sequences comprising imagined and physically executed segments allowed participants to learn specific movement characteristics of the executed segments when they were consistently associated with specific imagined ...
