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作者：Vishne, Ariel; Golub, Mitka R.; Piasetzky, Eli; Finkelstein, Israel; Sober, Barak
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Tel Aviv University; University of Haifa; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：The distribution of personal names provides unique, yet often overlooked, insight into modern and historical societies. This study employs diversity statistics-commonly used in ecology-to analyze onomastic data from Iron Age II archaeological excavations in the Southern Levant (950-586 BCE). Our findings reveal higher onomastic diversity in the Kingdom of Israel compared to Judah, suggesting a more cosmopolitan society. We also observe a decrease in name diversity in Judah over time, potential...
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作者：Zhao, Lingling; Zhu, Xingyu; Silwal, Ashok; Zank, Gary P.; Pitna, Alexander
作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Huntsville; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Huntsville; Charles University Prague
摘要：The interaction between interplanetary shocks or planetary bow shock and upstream magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) waves (hereafter referred to as wave-shock interactions) is of fundamental importance to plasma physics. Linear waves and shocks, which are supported by MHD framework, are ubiquitous in almost all plasma environments. A thorough understanding of the interaction between linear waves and shocks is useful not only for heliophysics and astrophysics but also for other applications such as in...
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作者：Kampova, Anna; Nowack, Moritz K.; Fendrych, Matyas; Vosolsobe, Stanislav
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Ghent University; Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)
摘要：Anther dehiscence is the process that facilitates pollen release from mature anthers in flowering plants. Despite its crucial importance to reproduction, the underlying developmental mechanism and its integration with environmental cues remain poorly understood. Establishing noninvasive, controlled humidity treatments ofArabidopsis thaliana flowers, we show here that high humidity prevents anthers from opening. Manipulation of stomatal densities alters dehiscence dynamics, suggesting a contrib...
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作者：Buffan, Lucas; Condamine, Fabien L.; Stutz, Narla S.; Pujos, Francois; Antoine, Pierre - Olivier; Marivaux, Laurent
作者单位：Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
摘要：Around 34 Mya, the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) marked the most dramatic global climatic cooling of the Cenozoic. On a planetary scale, paleontological evidence suggests that this transition was associated with major faunal turnovers, sometimes even regarded as a mass extinction crisis. In South America, there is no consensus on the response of the endemic mammals to this transition. Here, using a vetted fossil dataset and cutting-edge Bayesian methods, we analyzed the dynamics of South A...
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作者：Ku, Hui - Yu; Bilder, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：While paradigms for patterning of cell fates in development are well established, paradigms for patterning morphogenesis, particularly when organ shape is influenced by the extracellular matrix (ECM), are not. Morphogenesis of the Drosophila egg chamber (follicle) depends on anterior-posterior distribution of basement membrane (BM) components such as Collagen IV (Col4), whose gradient creates tissue mechanical properties that specify the degree of elongation. Here, we show that the gradient is...
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作者：Roy, Pritam Kumar; Takai, Yui; Matsubara, Rui; Tenjimbayashi, Mizuki; Mouterde, Timothee
作者单位：University of Tokyo; National Institute for Materials Science
摘要：In the insect realm, liquids become traps due to capillary and viscous forces dominant at their scale. Yet, aphids handle the highly viscous honeydew droplets they secrete by coating them with hydrophobic wax powder which maintains an air layer between their body and the liquid. These coated droplets, known as liquid marbles, exhibit low friction and high mobility, enabling manipulation of small liquid volumes which is useful for biomedical analysis where sample volumes are limited, chemistry ...
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作者：Woods, Christopher N.; Janowska, Maria K.; Ulmer, Lindsey D.; Sidhu, Jasleen Kaur; Stone, Natalie L.; James, Ellie I.; Guttman, Miklos; Bush, Matthew F.; Klevit, Rachel E.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Found from bacteria to humans, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are the least understood protein chaperones. HSPB5 (or alpha B-crystallin) is among the most widely expressed of the 10 human sHSPs, including in muscle, brain, and eye lens where it is constitutively present at high levels. A high content of disorder in HSPB5 has stymied efforts to uncover how its structure gives rise to function. To uncover its mechanisms of action, we compared human HSPB5 and two disease-associated mutants, R1...
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作者：Yang, Wei; Feng, Xi; Chen, Huahui; Liman, Geraldy Lie Stefanus; Santangelo, Thomas J.; Zhang, Changyi; Zeng, Zhirui
作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Enhancement of the cyclization of membrane lipids GDGTs (glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers) is a critical strategy for archaea to adapt to various environmental stresses. However, the physiological function of membrane lipid cyclization remains unclear. Here, we reported that the GDGT ring synthases mutant, deficient in GDGT cyclization, inhibited archaellum formation and reduced cell motility in thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. This inhibition was caused by decrea...
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作者：Ravisankar, Mithun; Federle, Madeline E.; Bahadori, Mina; Das, Asimanshu; Kesari, Haneesh; Zenit, Roberto
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：Squash is a widely popular racket sport, practiced by millions of people worldwide, played inside a walled court. When played well, players can last for several minutes before the ball bounces twice on the floor. There is, however, an unanswerable shot. When the ball hits the nick between a vertical wall and the floor, under certain conditions, it rolls without any vertical bounce. We study this process experimentally. We determined that the ball must hit the vertical wall first at a narrow ra...
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作者：Zhang, Yuzhou; Bao, Zhulatai; Smoljan, Adrijana; Liu, Yifan; Wang, Huihui; Friml, Jiri
作者单位：Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Institute of Science & Technology - Austria
摘要：Root system integrates multiple environmental cues, chiefly gravity and soil humidity, to anchor plants in soil and forage for water. While the mechanism of auxin- mediated root gravitropism is comparably well- understood, the root's capability to grow toward moist soil for water uptake and drought avoidance, termed root hydrotropism, remains largely mysterious. Here, we provide key insights into the mechanism of hydrotropic growth and assign a role to the master regulator of hydrotropism, MIZ...
