-
作者：Sinclair, Alyssa H.; Cosme, Danielle; Lydic, Kirsten; Reinero, Diego A.; Carreras-Tartak, Jose; Mann, Michael E.; Falk, Emily B.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Mitigating climate change requires urgent action at individual, collective, and institutional levels. However, individuals may fail to act because they perceive climate change as a threat that is distant or not personally relevant, or believe their actions are not impactful. To address these psychological barriers, we conducted a large- scale intervention tournament. In a sample of 7,624 participants, we systematically tested 17 interventions that targeted psychological mechanisms described by...
-
作者：Morrison, Robin E.; Ellis, Samuel; Martignac, Victoire; Stoinski, Tara S.; Eckardt, Winnie
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Exeter
摘要：Evidence across a broad range of disciplines has demonstrated how individuals' social environments can impact their health, lifespan, reproduction, and ultimately their evolutionary fitness. Past research has primarily focused on either traits specific to individuals or wider traits of social groups, linking these with a component of fitness. In this study, we examined how both individual-and group-level social traits in 164 wild mountain gorillas combine to influence multiple pathways impacti...
-
作者：Marang, Christopher P.; Petersen, Daniel J.; Scott, Brent D.; Walcott, Sam; Debold, Edward P.
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Worcester Polytechnic Institute
摘要：Intensely contracting fast skeletal muscle rapidly loses the ability to generate force, due in part to the accumulation of phosphate (Pi) inhibiting myosin's force-generating capacity, in a process that is strain dependent. Crucial aspects of the mechanism underlying this inhibition remain unclear. Therefore, we directly determined the effects of increasing [Pi] on rabbit psoas muscle myosin's ability to generate force against progressively higher resistive loads in a laser trap assay, with th...
-
作者：Harris, Devon E.; Kim, Jongmin J.; Stern, Sarah R.; Vicars, Hannah M.; Matias, Neuza R.; Gallicchio, Lorenzo; Baker, Catherine C.; Fuller, Margaret T.
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Cornell University
摘要：The switch from precursor cell proliferation to onset of differentiation in adult stem cell lineages must be carefully regulated to produce sufficient progeny to maintain and repair tissues, yet prevent overproliferation that may enable oncogenesis. In the Drosophila male germ cell lineage, spermatogonia produced by germ line stem cells undergo a limited number of transit amplifying mitotic divisions before switching to the spermatocyte program that sets up meiosis and eventual spermatid diffe...
-
作者：Cui, Yongxing; Peng, Shushi; Rillig, Matthias C.; Camenzind, Tessa; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Terrer, Cesar; Xu, Xiaofeng; Feng, Maoyuan; Wang, Mengjie; Fang, Linchuan; Zhu, Biao; Du, Enzai; Moorhead, Daryl L.; Sinsabaugh, Robert L.; Penuelas, Josep; Elser, James J.
作者单位：Peking University; Free University of Berlin; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); California State University System; San Diego State University; Wuhan University of Technology; Peking University; Peking University; Beijing Normal University; University System of Ohio; University of Toledo; University of New Mexico; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Autonomous University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF-CERCA); University of Montana System; University of Montana; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：The availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is essential for soil microbial activity and growth, yet global patterns of N and P limitation in soil microbial metabolism remain largely unknown. We modeled ecoenzyme stoichiometry data from 5,259 field observations of natural ecosystems to assess microbial N and P limitation in global surface soils. We found that microbial P limitation, which was especially strong at low latitudes, was more prevalent globally than microbial N limitation, w...
-
作者：Pettygrove, Brian A.; Nygaard, Tyler K.; Borgogna, Timothy R.; Malachowa, Natalia; Gaur, Gauri; Salo, Shannon E.; Pallister, Kyler B.; Burroughs, Owen; Robinson, Cassandra; Gao, Annika; Sturdevant, Daniel E.; Ricklefs, Stacy; DeLeo, Frank R.; Otto, Michael; Stewart, Philip S.; Voyich, Jovanka M.
作者单位：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; Division of Intramural Research (DIR); NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman
摘要：Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent culprit in implant-associated infections and employs many virulence factors to escape killing by the host immune system. The specific immune evasion strategies used by small aggregates of S. aureus on a surface, precursors to mature biofilm, are still relatively unknown. Time-lapse confocal microscopy was leveraged to quantify interactions between S. aureus aggregates and human neutrophils in vitro and identify specific mechanisms of resistance t...
-
作者：Yanga, Brenda; Rutkowskia, Natalie; Rutaa, Anna; Gray-Gaillarda, Elise; Maestas Jr, David R.; Kellya, Sean H.; Krishnana, Kavita; Wub, Xinqun; Wub, Shaoguang; Chenc, Allen; Mejias, Joscelyn C.; Hooksa, Joshua S. T.; Vanderzeea, Isabel; Mensaha, Patricia; Celika, Nazmiye; Erica, Marie; Abrahama, Peter; Tamd, Ada; Housseaud, Franck; Pardolld, Drew M.; Sears, Cynthia L.; Elisseeffa, Jennifer H.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
摘要：The gut microbiota influences systemic immunity and the function of distal tissues, including the brain, liver, skin, lung, and muscle. However, the role of the gut microbiota in the foreign body response and fibrosis is largely unexplored. To investigate this connection, we perturbed the homeostasis of the murine gut microbiota via infection with the pathogenic bacterial species enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) and implanted particulate material (mean particle size <600 mu m) of th...
-
作者：Dekker, Tessa M.; Maimon-Mor, Roni O.
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
-
作者：Kroy, Klaus
作者单位：Leipzig University
-
作者：Montesel, Mauro; De Napoli, Cosimo; Schmidt, Luisa; Germinario, Elena; Guzman, Ulises H.; V. Olsen, Jesper; Marcucci, Lorenzo; Nogara, Leonardo
作者单位：University of Padua; Veneto Institute Molecular Medicine; University of Copenhagen; University of Padua
摘要：Myosin is the primary motor protein in skeletal muscle, responsible for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis that drives muscle contraction. In addition to force production, resting myosin consumes ATP in futile cycles at two rates, the slower one being associated with the Super Relaxed State (SRX), in contrast to the less inhibited Disordered Relaxed State (DRX). The SRX is typically measured using the mantATP chasing technique, where the decay of a fluorescent ATP analogue is fitted using...
