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作者：Uveges, Benjamin T.; Izon, Gareth; Junium, Christopher K.; Ono, Shuhei; Summons, Roger E.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cornell University; Syracuse University
摘要：The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) represents a major shift in Earth's surficial redox balance. Delineating the driver(s) and tempo of the GOE and its impact on microbial evolution and biogeochemistry can be aided by characterizing the cycling of redox-sensitive elements such as nitrogen. While previous studies have shown that the transition to a broadly aerobic marine nitrogen cycle occurred in step with the final phase of the GOE similar to 2.33 billion years ago (Ga), an evolving understanding...
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作者：Wang, Fuxuan; Gao, Zhao; Chen, Bo; Jiang, Zhengyuan; Renner, David M.; Li, Jiaqi; Tolufashe, Gideon; Du, Yanming; Guo, Ju-Tao; Chang, Jinhong
摘要：from the invagination of endoplasmic reticulum membranes, designated as replication organelles (ROs). Nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) of flaviviruses play essential roles in the biogenesis of ROs and evasion of innate immune responses. We report herein that only rapidly inhibits YFV RNA synthesis, but also induces the activation of cytoplasmic double- stranded RNA (dsRNA)- sensing pathways to accelerate the apoptosis of infected cells. Genetic analyses revealed that all the three cytoplasmic d...
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作者：Lewis, Natasha S.; Zedlitz, Silja; Ausserwoger, Hannes; McCall, Patrick M.; Hubatsch, Lars; Nousch, Marco; Gruss, Martine Ruer -; Hoege, Carsten; Juelicher, Frank; Eckmann, Christian R.; Knowles, Tuomas P. J.; Hyman, Anthony A.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Cambridge; Technische Universitat Dresden; Leibniz Institut fur Polymerforschung Dresden; Max Planck Society; Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg; University of Cambridge
摘要：MEX-5 regulates the formation and dissolution of P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, yet the thermodynamic basis of its activity remains unclear. Here, using a time-resolved in vitro reconstitution system, we show that MEX-5 dissolves preassembled liquid-like PGL-3/RNA condensates by altering RNA availability and shifting the phase boundary. We develop a microfluidic assay to systematically analyze how MEX-5 influences phase separation. By measuring the contribution of PGL-3 to phase...
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作者：McQuillen, Patrick S.; Harasymiw, Lauren
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco
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作者：Tao, Ruiyan; Trivedi, Ira; Trimborn, Laura; Ponnu, Jathish; Toth, Blanka Violetta; Hoecker, Ute
作者单位：University of Cologne; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Agriculture Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, CAAS; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
摘要：COP1 is a conserved ubiquitin ligase found in plants and animals. In plants, COP1 acts together with SPA proteins to suppress light signaling in darkness by promoting the degradation of transcription factors involved in photomorphogenesis. Substrates of this ubiquitin ligase share a Valine-Proline (VP) motif that interacts with the WD-repeat domain of COP1 in plants and humans. Here, we have identified the transcription factor TCP3 as a noncanonical substrate of COP1/SPA that lacks a VP motif....
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作者：Vervust, Wouter; Safaei, Sina; Witschas, Katja; Leybaert, Luc; Ghysels, An
作者单位：Ghent University; Ghent University
摘要：Oxygen is crucial for mitochondrial energy production in neurons and is efficiently stored and transported within the hydrophobic core of phospholipid bilayers. Using a diffusive model derived from molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that oxygen storage in a bilayer follows first-order kinetics, which can be effectively represented by an RC (resistor-capacitor) circuit. For myelin, with multiple bilayers, oxygen transport is modeled through a ladder network of RC circuits, where oxy...
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作者：Hoffman, Paul F.
作者单位：University of Victoria; Harvard University
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作者：Austin, Cary D.; Lawrence, David A.; Peden, Andrew A.; Varfolomeev, Eugene E.; Totpal, Klara; De Maziere, Ann M.; Klumperman, Judith; Arnott, David; Pham, Victoria; Scheller, Richard H.; Ashkenazi, Avi
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作者：Li, Dongyu; Chen, Hongwen; Vale, Goncalo; Meinhardt, Nadia Elghobashi -; Hatton, Alexandra; Rong, Shunxing; McDonald, Jeffrey G.; Li, Xiaochun
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University College Dublin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：Homologous proteins share similar sequences, enabling them to work together in cells to support normal physiological functions. Phosphatidylserine synthases 1 and 2 (PSS1 and PSS2) are homologous enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of phosphatidylserine (PS) from different substrates. PSS2 shows a preference for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as its substrate, whereas PSS1 can utilize either PE or phosphatidylcholine. Previous their homology, our findings reveal that PSS2 exerts an opposing eff...
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作者：Prota, Gennaro; Berloffa, Giuliano; Awad, Wael; Vacchini, Alessandro; Chancellor, Andrew; Schaefer, Verena; Constantin, Daniel; Littler, Dene R.; Colombo, Rodrigo; Nosi, Vladimir; Mori, Lucia; Rossjohn, Jamie; De Libero, Gennaro
作者单位：University of Basel; Monash University; Monash University; Cardiff University
摘要：Mitochondria coordinate several metabolic pathways, producing metabolites that influence the immune response in various ways. It remains unclear whether mitochondria impact antigen presentation by the MHC-class-I-related antigen-presenting molecule, MR1, which presents small molecules to MR1-restricted T-lymphocytes. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial complex III and the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase are essential for the cell-surface expression of MR1 and for generating uridine-and...
