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作者：Winsor, Nathaniel J.; Tsang, Derek K.; Ranger, Adrienne; Singh, Ojas; Goyal, Shawn; Philpott, Dana J.; Girardin, Stephen E.
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto
摘要：Upon injury, epithelial-derived IL-18 is released and induces an inflammatory response in underlying IL18R1+ lamina propria cells. Notably, Il18r1 is also predicted to be expressed and functional in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), since epithelial IL18R1 deficiency contributes to worsened outcomes upon inflammatory challenge. However, the nature of Il18r1+ IECs, and their subsequent role in epithelial-intrinsic IL-18 signaling is poorly characterized. Here, we show that, in the murine smal...
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作者：Alverson, Andrew J.; Roberts, Wade R.; Ruck, Elizabeth C.; Nakov, Teofil; Ashworth, Matthew P.; Brylka, Karolina; Downey, Kala M.; Kociolek, J. Patrick; Parks, Matthew; Pinseel, Eveline; Theriot, Edward C.; Tye, Simon P.; Witkowski, Andrzej; Beaulieu, Jeremy M.; Wickett, Norman J.
作者单位：University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Universidad Costa Rica; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Lund University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Central Oklahoma; Ghent University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Szczecin; University of Vienna
摘要：Evolution is often uneven in its pace and outcomes, with long periods of stasis interrupted by abrupt increases in morphological and ecological disparity. With thousands of gene histories, phylogenomics can uncover the genomic signatures of these broad macroevolutionary trends. Diatoms are a species- rich lineage of microeukaryotes that contribute greatly to the global cycling of carbon, oxygen, and silica, which they use to build elaborately structured cell walls. We combined fossil informati...
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作者：Humphries, Murray M.; Menzies, Allyson K.; Langwieder, Alexandra
作者单位：McGill University; University of Calgary
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作者：Srinivasan, Karthik; Lowet, Eric; Gomes, Bruno; Desimone, Robert
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus MC; Boston University; Universidade Federal do Para
摘要：Microsaccades (MSs) are commonly associated with covert spatial attention, yet their impact on cortical processing of visual objects remains unclear. Rhesus macaques, randomly cued to attend to a target object amid distracters, were rewarded for detecting a color change in the target. While spatial attention does not affect the object tuning curves of V4 cells, the direction of MS significantly influenced object representations in V4 throughout the entire trial. Specifically, intervals followi...
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作者：Won, Younghoon; Lee, Sungsik; Lee, Seungyeol; Park, Sohyun; Lim, Jun; Choi, Wonyong; Lee, Giehyeon
作者单位：Yonsei University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; Chungbuk National University; University of Munich; Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)
摘要：Natural ice plays salient roles in making the Earth habitable and sustainable. Previously overlooked, its role in chemical processes is now of emerging interest, particularly due to the freeze concentration effect, which can substantially promote chemical reactions during ice formation. We demonstrate here that ice formation can serve as a dynamic and unique pathway for mineral genesis. Freezing solutions containing dissolved manganese conditions. At room temperature, by contrast, this occurre...
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作者：Hua, Duy P.; Kinnun, Jacob J.; Post, Carol Beth
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) mediates early signaling events in immunity by coupling membrane receptors to immune responses. Syk comprises a tandem SH2 (tSH2) regulatory module-two SH2 domains connected by a structured linker-and a kinase domain. The association of tSH2 with a doubly tyrosine-phosphorylated motif (dpI-TAM) on membrane immunoreceptors is central to controlling Syk's signaling activity. tSH2-dpITAM association is regulated by Y131-phosphorylation on linker A, distant from the Sy...
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作者：Landis, Story; Sanes, Joshua R.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：Lynn Landmesser, whose studies transformed our view of how neurons find the proper partners on which to form synapses, died at the age of 80 in November 2024. Using elegant electrophysiological methods, she showed that specificity is apparent from the earliest times that connections are established in both autonomic and motor systems. Her work overturned the idea that synaptic connectivity arises bygradual refinement of initially nonspecific patterns and thereby laid the groundwork for molecul...
