-
作者：Humphries, Murray M.; Menzies, Allyson K.; Langwieder, Alexandra
作者单位：McGill University; University of Calgary
-
作者：Srinivasan, Karthik; Lowet, Eric; Gomes, Bruno; Desimone, Robert
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus MC; Boston University; Universidade Federal do Para
摘要：Microsaccades (MSs) are commonly associated with covert spatial attention, yet their impact on cortical processing of visual objects remains unclear. Rhesus macaques, randomly cued to attend to a target object amid distracters, were rewarded for detecting a color change in the target. While spatial attention does not affect the object tuning curves of V4 cells, the direction of MS significantly influenced object representations in V4 throughout the entire trial. Specifically, intervals followi...
-
作者：Won, Younghoon; Lee, Sungsik; Lee, Seungyeol; Park, Sohyun; Lim, Jun; Choi, Wonyong; Lee, Giehyeon
作者单位：Yonsei University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; Chungbuk National University; University of Munich; Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)
摘要：Natural ice plays salient roles in making the Earth habitable and sustainable. Previously overlooked, its role in chemical processes is now of emerging interest, particularly due to the freeze concentration effect, which can substantially promote chemical reactions during ice formation. We demonstrate here that ice formation can serve as a dynamic and unique pathway for mineral genesis. Freezing solutions containing dissolved manganese conditions. At room temperature, by contrast, this occurre...
-
作者：Hua, Duy P.; Kinnun, Jacob J.; Post, Carol Beth
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) mediates early signaling events in immunity by coupling membrane receptors to immune responses. Syk comprises a tandem SH2 (tSH2) regulatory module-two SH2 domains connected by a structured linker-and a kinase domain. The association of tSH2 with a doubly tyrosine-phosphorylated motif (dpI-TAM) on membrane immunoreceptors is central to controlling Syk's signaling activity. tSH2-dpITAM association is regulated by Y131-phosphorylation on linker A, distant from the Sy...
-
作者：Landis, Story; Sanes, Joshua R.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：Lynn Landmesser, whose studies transformed our view of how neurons find the proper partners on which to form synapses, died at the age of 80 in November 2024. Using elegant electrophysiological methods, she showed that specificity is apparent from the earliest times that connections are established in both autonomic and motor systems. Her work overturned the idea that synaptic connectivity arises bygradual refinement of initially nonspecific patterns and thereby laid the groundwork for molecul...
-
作者：Kodan, Nishant; Hussaini, Rabeya; Weber, Stephanie C.; Kondev, Jane; Mohapatra, Lishibanya
作者单位：Rochester Institute of Technology; New York University; McGill University; McGill University; Brandeis University
摘要：The nucleolus is a multicomponent structure made of RNA and proteins that serves as the site of ribosome biogenesis within the nucleus. It has been extensively studied as a prototype of a biomolecular condensate whose assembly is driven by phase separation. While the steady-state size of the nucleolus is quantitatively accounted for by the thermodynamics of phase separation, we show that experimental measurements of the assembly dynamics are inconsistent with a simple model of a phase-separati...
-
作者：Wen, Wei; Prada, Adriana M.; Turrigiano, Gina G.
作者单位：Brandeis University
摘要：Neocortical circuits use synaptic and intrinsic forms of homeostatic plasticity to stabilize key features of network activity, but whether these different homeostatic mechanisms act redundantly or can be independently recruited to stabilize different network features is unknown. Here, we used pharmacological and genetic perturbations both in vitro and in vivo to determine whether synaptic scaling and intrinsic homeostatic plasticity (IHP) are arranged and recruited in a hierarchical or modular...
-
作者：Peng, Yang; Peng, Tao; Chu, Yishan; Yan, Wei; Yao, Runyi; Wen, Xing; Qiu, Yuping; Wang, Meng; Xiao, Zhina; Zhang, Dan; Chen, Xiaoqian; Yin, Zhujun; Wang, Yichuan; Guo, Hongwei
作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology; Southern University of Science & Technology
摘要：Greening immediately after etiolated- seedling's emergence from the soil is critical for plants to initiate their autotrophic life cycle through photosynthesis. The greening process relies on a complex transcriptional network that fine- tunes the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and prevents premature development of chloroplasts. In this study, we identified the Arabidopsis HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) as a key regulator of light- induced cotyledon greening. Our results demonstrated that HLS1 is essential for ...
-
作者：Lord, Kathryn A.; Larson, Greger; Allaby, Robin G.; Karlsson, Elinor K.
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of Oxford; University of Warwick
摘要：The process of domestication is commonly perceived as a human achievement, and domestic species are typically assumed to be those under human control. Domestic species have emerged from a greater diversity of interactions than this perspective allows, and none of the many definitions proposed for domestication can readily, reliably, and consistently distinguish domestic and nondomestic populations. Here, we propose that the process of domestication should instead be defined solely as evolution...
-
作者：Katla, Sai Krishna; Lin, Chenyu; Perez-Mercader, Juan
作者单位：Harvard University; The Santa Fe Institute
摘要：We investigate mechanisms for the observed nonlinear growth in the number of polymer vesicles generated during a photo- Reversible Addition- Fragmentation Chain Transfer- based polymerization- induced self- assembly (PISA) reaction. Our experimental results reveal the presence of a self- reproduction process during which chemically active polymer protocells are chemically and autonomously generated in a light- stimulated one- pot reaction that starts from a homogeneous blend of non- self- asse...
