23期

最新文章

• Evolution of the real area of contact during laboratory earthquakes AI翻译
  作者：Wu, Baoning; Barbot, Sylvain
  作者单位：University of Southern California; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography
  摘要：Empirical slip-rate-and state-dependent friction laws and linear fracture mechanics constitute popular approaches to explaining earthquakes. However, the physics underlying friction laws remain elusive and fracture mechanics does not specify fault strength at the various conditions relevant to crustal faulting. Here, we introduce a physical constitutive framework that augments the traditional approaches by incorporating the real area of contact as the state variable. The physical model explain...
• Establishment of cell size-dependent growth rate via differential scaling of metabolite uptake and release AI翻译
  作者：Meliala, Ian; Chen, Jingyuan; Lyu, Jiahang; Bjorklund, Mikael
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; University of Edinburgh
  摘要：Metabolism fuels cell growth and functions. While it is well established that cellular growth rate scales with cell size, how cells alter their metabolism as they change size remains largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis of cell size-dependent metabolism across the NCI60 cancer cell line panel comprising a diverse range of cell sizes. We demonstrate that cellular metabolism and growth rate display 2/3 allometric scaling due to differential scaling of overall nutrient upt...
• Resilience of deep aquifer microbial communities to seasonal hydrological fluctuations AI翻译
  作者：Giroud, Sebastien; Deng, Longhui; Lever, Mark A.; Schilling, Oliver S.; Kipfer, Rolf
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Basel; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
  摘要：The influence of seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation on subsurface biogeochemical processes remains poorly understood. In the Lavey-les-Bains thermal system in the Swiss Alps, annual variations in electrical conductivity are observed to depths of 500 m, suggesting a potential link to surface environmental changes. Here we show, through year-round analyses of stable water isotopes, noble gases, and conductivity, that seasonally varying contributions of shallow groundwater from ...
• Anthropogenic iron alters the spring phytoplankton bloom in the North Pacific transition zone AI翻译
  作者：Hawco, Nicholas J.; Conway, Tim M.; Coesel, Sacha N.; Barone, Benedetto; Seelen, Emily A.; Yang, Shun - Chung; Bundy, Randelle M.; Gonzalez, Paulina; Bian, Xiaopeng; Sieber, Matthias; Lanning, Nathan T.; Fitzsimmons, Jessica N.; Foreman, Rhea K.; Konig, Daniela; Groussman, Mora J.; Allen, James G.; Juranek, Lauren W.; White, Angelicque E.; Karl, David M.; Armbrust, E. Virginia; John, Seth G.
  作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Southern California; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Oregon State University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Morgan State University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
  摘要：Industrial activities have increased the supply of iron to the ocean, but the magnitude of anthropogenic input and its ecological consequences are not well-constrained by observations. Across four expeditions to the North Pacific transition zone, we document a repeated supply of isotopically light iron from an atmospheric source in spring, reflecting an estimated 39 +/- 9 % anthropogenic contribution to the surface ocean iron budget. Expression of iron-stress genes in metatranscriptomes, and e...
• Increased excitatory synapse size in hippocampal place cells compared to silent cells AI翻译
  作者：Heredi, Judit; Olah, Gaspar; Sumegi, Mate; Lukacs, Istvan Paul; Aldahabi, Mohammad; Ujfalussy, Balazs B.; Makara, Judit K.; Nusser, Zoltan
  摘要：Neuronal activity in the hippocampus creates a cognitive map of space that is essential for navigation. In any given environment, a fraction of hippocampal pyramidal cells (PCs) is active at specific locations (place cells), others are sparsely active without spatial tuning, and a significant proportion of the PCs is entirely silent. The mechanisms underlying the vastly different activities of PCs in the rodent hippocampal CA1 area are unknown. Here, we measured the in vivo activity of CA1 PCs...
• Complexity myths and the misappropriation of evolutionary theory AI翻译
  作者：Lynch, Michael
  作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
  摘要：Recent papers by physicists, chemists, and geologists lay claim to the discovery of new principles of evolution that have somehow eluded over a century of work by evolutionary biologists, going so far as to elevate their ideas to the same stature as the fundamental laws of physics. These claims have been made in the apparent absence of any awareness of the theoretical framework of evolutionary biology that has existed for decades. The numerical indices being promoted suffer from numerous conce...
• The analgesic paracetamol metabolite AM404 acts peripherally to directly inhibit sodium channels AI翻译
  作者：Maatuf, Yossef; Kushnir, Yishai; Nemirovski, Alina; Ghantous, Mariana; Iskimov, Ariel; Binshtok, Alexander M.; Priel, Avi
  作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  摘要：Paracetamol has been used for decades to relieve mild-to-moderate pain. Its analgesic effect is mainly attributed to its metabolite, AM404, acting on cannabinoid receptors or TRPV1 channels in central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Here, we show that AM404 is produced by primary sensory neurons. It inhibits sodium current in nociceptor neurons, blocking action potential (AP) generation and reducing nocifensive behavior in na & iuml;ve and inflamed rats. We demonstrated that this analgesic effec...
• Short- term study fails to capture negative impacts of livestock intensification on wildlife AI翻译
  作者：Ogutu, Joseph O.; Stabach, Jared A.; Hopcraft, J. Grant C.; Boone, Randall B.; Dublin, Holly T.; Dutton, Christopher L.; Gichira, Andrew; Guthmann, Abby; Herrik, Ask L.; Holekamp, Kay E.; Karimi, Rebekah R.; Kifugo, Shem C.; Leimgruber, Peter; Mogensen, Niels; Moiko, Stephen S.; Mukeka, Joseph M.; Nabaala, Harrison; Ndambuki, Stephen; Njino, Lucy M.; Ojwang, Gordon O.; Olff, Han; Packer, Craig; Parmuntoro, Lemein; Reid, Robin S.; Rioba, Rehema B.; Said, Mohammed Y.; Senteu, Jully S.; Subalusky, Amanda L.; Svenning, Jens- Christian; Thompson, Stewart; Uzal, Antonio; Veldhuis, Michiel P.; Buitenwerf, Robert
  作者单位：University Hohenheim; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute; University of Glasgow; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Aarhus University; Michigan State University; University of Groningen; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of Nairobi; Nottingham Trent University; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC
• Reciprocal projections between the globus pallidus externa and cortex span motor and nonmotor regions AI翻译
  作者：Ferenczi, Emily A.; Wang, Wengang; Biswas, Anushka; Pottala, Trent; Dong, Yihuan; Chan, Alison K.; Albanese, Madeline A.; Sohur, Raina S.; Jia, Tingying; Mastro, Kevin J.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Princeton University
  摘要：The globus pallidus externa (GPe) is a heterogeneous nucleus of the basal ganglia, with intricate connections to other basal ganglia nuclei, as well as direct connections to the cortex. The anatomic, molecular, and electrophysiologic properties of cortex-projecting pallidocortical neurons are not well characterized. Here, we show that pallidocortical neurons project to diverse motor and nonmotor cortical regions, are organized topographically in the GPe, and segregate into at least two distinc...
• Material properties of biomolecular condensates emerge from nanoscale dynamics AI翻译
  作者：Galvanetto, Nicola; Ivanovic, Milos T.; Grosso, Simone A. Del; Chowdhury, Aritra; Sottini, Andrea; Nettels, Daniel; Best, Robert B.; Schuler, Benjamin
  作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Zurich; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
  摘要：Biomolecular condensates form by phase separation of biological polymers and have important functions in the cell-functions that are inherently linked to their physical properties at different scales. A notable aspect of such membraneless organelles is that their viscoelastic properties can vary by orders of magnitude, but it has remained unclear how these pronounced differences are rooted in the nanoscale dynamics at the molecular level. Here, we investigate a series of condensates formed by ...