-
作者：Chang, Claire H. C.; Nastase, Samuel A.; Hasson, Uri; Dominey, Peter Ford
作者单位：Princeton University; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite Bourgogne Europe
摘要：Natural language unfolds over multiple nested timescales: Words form sentences, sentences form paragraphs, and paragraphs build into full narratives. Correspondingly, the brain exhibits a hierarchy of processing timescales, spanning from lower-to higher-order regions. During narrative comprehension, neural activation patterns have been shown to propagate along this cortical hierarchy with increasing temporal delays (lags). To investigate the mechanisms underlying this lag gradient, we systemat...
-
作者：Roberts-Gaal, Xavier; Bolic, Marija; Cushman, Fiery A.
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Toronto
摘要：Cumulative culture requires learning mechanisms that are both efficient and flexible in the face of environmental change. We examine models of this learning mechanism that emphasize teaching what to do (causally opaque procedures) and those that foreground what to aim for and why (goals and causal reasoning). Learning procedures is cheap but inflexible; learning goals is more flexible to changing circumstance, but requires expensive individual learning about how to achieve them. In an iterated...
-
作者：Faria, Rafael Cancado de; Silva, Lilian N. D.; Teodoro-Castro, Barbara; McCommis, Kyle S.; Shashkova, Elena V.; Gonzalo, Susana
作者单位：Saint Louis University
摘要：Accumulation of cytosolic DNA has emerged as a hallmark of aging, inducing sterile inflammation. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein translates the sensing of cytosolic DNA by cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) into an inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby cytosolic DNA-induced cGAS-STING pathway leads to aging remain poorly understood. We show that STING does not follow the canonical pathway of activation in human fibroblasts passaged (aging) in culture, sene...
-
作者：Hiraoka, Takayuki; Ghadiri, Zahra; Rizi, Abbas K.; Kivela, Mikko; Saramaki, Jari
作者单位：Aalto University
摘要：When a fraction of a population becomes immune to an infectious disease, the population-wide infection risk decreases nonlinearly due to collective protection, known as herd immunity. Some studies based on mean-field models suggest that natural infection in a heterogeneous population may induce herd immunity more efficiently than homogeneous immunization. However, we theoretically show that this is not necessarily the case when the population is modeled as a network instead of using the mean-f...
-
作者：Midha, Tripti; Kolomeisky, Anatoly B.; Igoshin, Oleg A.
作者单位：Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University
摘要：The fidelity of template-dependent mRNA synthesis during transcription elongationis the primary determinant of accurate gene expression and the maintenance offunctional RNA transcripts. However, the mechanisms governing transcription fidelityremain incompletely understood. While previous studies have characterized how errorrates vary with nucleotide identity at upstream and downstream positions fromthe incorporation site, the comprehensive microscopic explanation of this sequencedependence has...
-
作者：Shah, Rohan; Gravish, Nick
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Sliding friction between two dry surfaces is commonly described by the speed-independent Amonton-Coulomb friction force law. However, there are many situations where multiple frictional contact points between two surfaces are active and each can move at a different relative speed. Here, we study the sliding friction properties of a system with multiple active contacts each with independent and controllable speed. We demonstrate that multiple active contacts can produce controllable speed-depen...
-
作者：Suna, Rui; Jiang, Peng; Wang, Zhijun; Yan, Binyuan; Zhu, Shouhai; Huang, Zhenlin; Zhang, Jianong; Ding, Donglin; Li, Xiang; Wang, Liguo; Lou, Zhenkun; Jin, Baiye; Pang, Jun; Huang, Haojie; Xia, Dan
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Mayo Clinic; Naval Medical University; Sun Yat Sen University; Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic
摘要：CDK12 primarily functions as a transcription regulatory cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) that controls mRNA elongation, splicing, and polyadenylation. The CDK12 gene is implicated in human cancers since it is frequently mutated and/or deleted in prostate and ovarian cancer but paradoxically amplified in breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that CDK12 promotes serine-933 phosphorylation of DNA2, a nuclease/helicase critical for replication fork stress regulation, and the phosphorylation subsequentl...
-
作者：Tan, Xiaochao; Cardin, Derrick L.; Wang, Shike; Xu, Yuting; Russell, William K.
作者单位：Tulane University; Tulane University; Tulane University Hospital; University of Texas System; University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston
摘要：Despite extensive efforts to develop strategies to inhibit cancer metastasis-the leading cause of cancer-related deaths-progress has been limited in recent decades. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) initiates metastasis by enhancing the migratory capacity and plasticity of cancer cells, enabling them to escape the primary tumor site. Identifying vulnerabilities unique to mesenchymal cancer cells is, therefore, critical for developing effective antimetastatic therapies. Our prior resea...
-
作者：Zhang, Zeke; Liu, Zhengyu; Li, Gaojun; Cai, Yanjun; Wen, Qin; Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Lei, Jing; Liu, Heng; Jing, Zhaowei; Li, Tao; Clemens, Steven C.; Wang, Yongjin; Sun, Youbin; Shi, Zhengguo; Tan, Liangcheng; Kang, Shugang; Wang, Xulong; Jin, Zhangdong; Zhou, Weijian; An, Zhisheng
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS; Nanjing University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Nanjing Normal University; Xi'an Jiaotong University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Beijing Forestry University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Brown University; Beijing Normal University
摘要：Speleothem 618O records from central southern China have long been regarded as a key benchmark for Asian summer monsoon intensity. However, the similar 618O minima observed among precession minima and their link to seasonal precipitation mixing remains unclear. Here, we present a 400,000-y record of summer precipitation 618O from loess microcodium, which captures distinct precession cycles similar to those seen in speleothem 618O records, particularly during glacial periods. Notably, our micro...
-
作者：Eckey, Martha; Li, Peng; Morrison, Braxton; Bergquist, Jonas; Davis, Ronald W.; Xiao, Wenzhong
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Uppsala University; Stanford University
摘要：Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID are persistent multisystem illnesses affecting many patients. With no known effective FDA-approved treatments for either condition, patient-reported outcomes of treatments may prove helpful in identifying management strategies that can improve patient care and generate new avenues for research. Here, we present the results of an ME/CFS and long COVID treatment survey with responses from 3,925 patients. We assess the exp...
