36期

最新文章

• 9,000-year- old barley consumption in the foothills of central Asia AI翻译
  作者：Zhou, Xinying; Spengler, Robert N.; Sayfullaev, Bahediyoh; Mutalibjon, Khasanov; Ma, Jian; Liu, Junchi; Shen, Hui; Zhao, Keliang; Chen, Guanhan; Wang, Jian; Stidham, Thomas A.; Xu, Hai; Zhang, Guilin; Yang, Qingjiang; Hou, Yemao; Ma, Jiacheng; Kambarov, Nasibillo; Jiang, Hongen; Maksudov, Farhod; Goldstein, Steven; Wang, Jianxin; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Li, Xiaoqiang
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology & Paleoanthropology, CAS; Northwest University Xi'an; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Max Planck Society; Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan; Tianjin University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of London; University College London
  摘要：Scholars are increasingly favoring models for the origins of agriculture that involve a protracted process of increasing interdependence within a series of mutualistic relationships between humans and plants, as opposed to a rapid single event or innovation. Nonetheless, these scholars continue to debate over when people first started foraging for grass seeds, when they began to readily utilize sickles, how prominent the early selection pressures were, and when the first traits of domesticatio...
• Vacuum tunneling of vortices in two-dimensional 4He superfluid films AI翻译
  作者：Desrochers, M. J.; Marchand, D. J. J.; Stamp, P. C. E.
  作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia
  摘要：At low temperature T we expect vacuum tunneling processes to occur in superfluid 4He films. We distinguish between extrinsic processes, in which single vortices nucleate by tunneling off boundaries in the system, and intrinsic processes, in which vortex/antivortex pairs nucleate far from boundaries. It is crucial to incorporate the varying effective mass of the vortex in tunneling calculations. The intrinsic processes are the superfluid analogue of the Schwinger mechanism in quantum field theo...
• Bouncing microdroplets on hydrophobic surfaces AI翻译
  作者：McLauchlan, Jamie; Walker, Jim S.; Sanjay, Vatsal; Jalaal, Maziyar; Reid, Jonathan P.; Squires, Adam M.; Souslov, Anton
  作者单位：University of Bath; University of Bristol; Durham University; University of Amsterdam; University of Bath; University of Cambridge
  摘要：Intuitively, slow droplets stick to a surface and faster droplets splash or bounce. However, recent work suggests that on nonwetting surfaces, whether microdroplets stick or bounce depends only on their size and fluid properties, but not on the incoming velocity. Here, we show using theory and experiments that even poorly wetting surfaces have a velocity-dependent criterion for bouncing of aqueous droplets, which is as high as 6 m/s for diameters of 30 to 50 mu m on hydrophobic surfaces such a...
• Joint models reveal human subcortical underpinnings of choice and learning behavior AI翻译
  作者：Miletic, Steven; Stevenson, Niek; Bazin, Pierre-Louis; Alkemade, Anneke; Isherwood, Scott J. S.; Trutti, Anne C.; Tse, Desmond H. Y.; Haberg, Asta K.; Forstmann, Birte U.
  作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; University of Amsterdam; Maastricht University; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
  摘要：Decision making and learning processes together enable adaptive strategic behavior. Animal studies demonstrated the importance of subcortical regions in these cognitive processes, but the human subcortical contributions remain poorly characterized. Here, we study choice and learning processes in the human subcortex, using a tailored ultra-high field 7T functional MRI protocol combined with joint models. Joint models provide unbiased estimates of brain-behavior relations by simultaneously inclu...
• Topology and kinetic pathways of colloidosome assembly and disassembly AI翻译
  作者：Adkins, Raymond; Robaszewski, Joanna; Shin, Seungwoo; Brauns, Fridtjof; Jia, Leroy; Khanra, Ayantika; Sharma, Prerna; Pelcovits, Robert A.; Powers, Thomas R.; Dogic, Zvonimir
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Yale University; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); ERDC - Risk Modeling; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) - USA; Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore; Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore; Brown University; Brown University
  摘要：Closed capsules, such as lipid vesicles, soap bubbles, and emulsion droplets, are ubiquitous throughout biology, engineered matter, and everyday life. Their creation and disintegration are defined by a singularity that separates a topologically distinct extended liquid film from a boundary-free closed shell. Such topology-changing processes are of fundamental interest. They are also essential for intercellular transport, transcellular communication, and drug delivery. However, studies of vesic...
• Long- term history of continental weathering and particle transport to the sea AI翻译
  作者：Canfield, Don E.; Zhang, Shuichang; Mitchell, Ross N.; Wang, Xiaomei; Naemi, Amin; Spencer, Christopher J.; Zhang, Pengyaun
  作者单位：University of Southern Denmark; China National Petroleum Corporation; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Queens University - Canada
  摘要：Here, we explore the long-term history of chemical weathering and particle transport from the continents to the oceans by leveraging the histories of Zr/Al, Rb/Al, and Na/Al in marine sediments over the last 2000 My. We interpret these data in the context of elemental behavior in modern weathering environments and modern marine sediments. We find that from 2000 Mya to ca. 650 Mya, physical erosion was effective, where braided rivers efficiently delivered particles from land to the sea. Overall...
• PD-1 expression identifies proliferating malignant CLL B cells and is a potential biomarker of response to BTK inhibitor therapy AI翻译
  作者：Chang, Andres; Pelletier, Adam N.; McGuire, Donald J.; Tsagiopoulou, Maria; Karipidou, Maria; Ayers, Amy; Leal, Alyssa M. K.; Churnetski, Michael C.; O'Leary, Colin B.; Switchenko, Jeffrey M.; Davis, Carl; Frank, David A.; Koff, Jean L.; Cohen, Jonathon B.; Sekaly, Rafick P.; Stamatopoulos, Kostas; Flowers, Christopher R.; Ahmed, Rafi
  作者单位：University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center; Emory University; Emory University; Emory University; Rollins School Public Health
  摘要：Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains incurable despite treatment advances, and a major challenge is that biomarkers that predict response and resistance to current therapies are lacking. We report that activated and proliferating malignant CLL B cells in circulation express PD-1, a protein normally expressed in T cells. PD-1 expression is absent in circulating B cells from healthy controls and nonmalignant B cells from patients with CLL. Circulating PD-1+ CLL cells are found in all treat...
• Preschool teachers provide fewer participation opportunities to working-class students than those from more privileged backgrounds AI翻译
  作者：Doyle, Lewis; Cimpian, Andrei; Goupil, Louise; Goudeau, Sebastien
  作者单位：Universite de Poitiers; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Surrey; New York University; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Savoie Mont Blanc
  摘要：Social class disparities exist from the earliest stages of education. Research has suggested that class-based differences in factors such as socialization practices and access to resources partly explain this phenomenon, but less work has explored whether teachers' practices also exacerbate these inequalities. Using whole-class observations of 63 preschool classroom discussions (N = 226 students, 10 teachers), we coded 7,941 student participation attempts and subsequent responses from teachers...
• Structural insights into the substrate uptake and inhibition of the human creatine transporter (hCRT) AI翻译
  作者：Yuan, Xinyi; Yin, Jian; Liu, Chang; Chen, Xudong; Chen, Meiying; Wang, Yixue; Yang, Zi; Wang, Yue; Jiang, Li; Zhou, Niyun; Wang, Xiaojuan; Liu, Botong; Ma, Zhaoqi; Wang, Kaiyan; Li, Hongen; Zhang, Sensen; Shang, Yongfeng; Yang, Maojun
  作者单位：Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou Normal University; Peking University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Capital Medical University; China Agricultural University; Air Force Medical University; Air Force Medical University; Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
  摘要：Creatine plays a vital role in cellular energy production and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis and has also been identified as a neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. Creatine is transported into cells by the human creatine transporter Mutations in hCRT cause cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1, a neurological disorder marked by intellectual disability, speech delay, and seizures. Beyond its role in the brain and muscle, hCRT is highly expressed in metabolically active tumors. M...
• Evolving choice hysteresis in reinforcement learning: Comparing the adaptive value of positivity bias and gradual perseveration AI翻译
  作者：Hoxha, Isabelle; Sperber, Leo; Palminteri, Stefano
  作者单位：Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)
  摘要：The tendency to repeat past choices more often than expected from the history of outcomes has been repeatedly empirically observed in reinforcement learning experiments. It can be explained by at least two computational processes: asymmetric update and (gradual) choice perseveration. A recent meta-analysis showed that both mechanisms are detectable in human reinforcement learning. However, while their descriptive value seems to be well established, they have not been compared regarding their p...