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作者：Mureau, Cyprien; d'Oliveira, Lea; Peyron, Odile; Blaise, Emilie; Renaud, Audrey; Balcarcel, Ana; Jeanjean, Marine; Bonhomme, Vincent; Bouby, Laurent; Ros, Jerome; Evin, Allowen
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier
摘要：The long-term evolution of domestic mammal body size in Western Europe since the Early Neolithic is mainly attributed to human selection. However, the relative influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors in animal body size evolution, and the coevolution of wild and domestic species remain poorly understood. In the Northwestern Mediterranean, abundant archaeozoological data from well-contextualized sites and reliable paleoenvironmental reconstructions provide a unique opportunity to e...
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作者：Bauer, Ann M.; Li, Weiqiang; Rybacki, Kyle S.; Roden, Eric E.; Kump, Lee R.; Johnson, Clark M.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); Nanjing University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Redox-sensitive elements figure prominently in studies of the evolution of Earth's surface redox state, including the first major rise in atmospheric O-2, the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event. Most Precambrian rocks endured multistage tectonothermal histories, however, adding ambiguity to interpretation of their chemistry. Here, we apply U-Th-Pb isotope geochronology to the highly oxidized similar to 2.06 Ga Kuetsjarvi Volcanic Formation, Pechenga Greenstone Belt, Russia, to constrain th...
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作者：Gustafson, Erik J.; Tiihonen, Juha; Chamaki, Diana; Sorourifar, Farshud; Mullinax, J. Wayne; Li, Andy C. Y.; Maciejewski, Filip B.; Sawaya, Nicolas P. D.; Krogel, Jaron T.; Neira, David E. Bernal; Tubman, Norm M.
作者单位：National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); Universities Space Research Association (USRA); NASA Ames Research Center; University of Jyvaskyla; Columbia University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; United States Department of Energy (DOE); University of Chicago; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Purdue University System; Purdue University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center
摘要：Variational quantum eigensolvers are touted as a near-term algorithm capable of impacting many applications. However, the potential has not yet been realized, with few claims of quantum advantage and high resource estimates, especially due to the need for optimization in the presence of noise. Finding algorithms and methods to improve convergence is important to accelerate the capabilities of near-term hardware for variational quantum eigensolver or more broad applications of hybrid methods in...
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作者：Gaffney, Anna D.; Liu, Dongxu; Samal, Deepanjali; Carotenuto, Angelo R.; Deseri, Luca; Fraldi, Massimiliano; Lee, Ka Yee C.; Pocivavsek, Luka; Nguyen, Nhung
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of Naples Federico II; University of Trento; Universite Paris Cite; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); University of Chicago; University of Chicago
摘要：Self-assembled thin films respond to external loads via surface instabilities that are critical to their functionality in both biology and technology. Lipid monolayers at the air-liquid interface are one such system. Tunability between out-of-plane buckling (e.g., folding) and in-plane relaxation (e.g., reorganization of lipid domains) in highly compressed lipid monolayers suggests underlying mechanistic generality. Yet, how in-plane relaxation occurs and how it is distinguished from folding r...
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作者：Sinclair, Alyssa H.; Cosme, Danielle; Lydic, Kirsten; Reinero, Diego A.; Mann, Michael E.; Falk, Emily B.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
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作者：Wang, Erin R.; Cho, Kevin; Harrison, Gregory A.; Smelyansky, Stephanie R.; Soni, Vijay; Smirnov, Asya; Mckee, Samuel R.; Ghabrial, George S.; Flentie, Kelly N.; Beatty, Wandy; Anyinam, Boatema Ofori -; Sarkar, Souvik; Hurtaux, Thomas; Loza, Liza; Almqvist, Fredrik; Doering, Tamara L.; Yang, Jason H.; Kiessling, Laura L.; Rhee, Kyu Y.; Patti, Gary J.; Stallings, Christina L.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Ragon Institute; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Biomedical & Health Sciences; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Biomedical & Health Sciences; Umea University; Umea University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Isoniazid (INH) inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is a cornerstone of treatment regimens against this deadly pathogen. However, over 10% of Mtb infections are INH-resistant. The compound C10 can sensitize clinically relevant INH-resistant mutants to killing by INH. Thus, understanding the mechanism of action for C10 could aid in designing new strategies for circumventing drug resistance. We find that C10 treatment reroutes carbon flux toward valine, drawin...
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作者：Li, Enkai; Zang, Ruochen; Kawagishi, Takahiro; Zhang, Wei; Iyer, Kruthika; Hou, Gaopeng; Zeng, Qiru; Meganck, Rita M.; Ross, Susan R.; Wang, Xin; Su, Xiong; Ding, Siyuan
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Shandong University; University of Osaka; Washington University (WUSTL); University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Hainan University; Hainan University; Soochow University - China
摘要：Despite the clinical significance of many nonenveloped viruses, the molecular mechanisms of their internalization and membrane penetration are not well understood. Rotaviruses (RVs) are nonenveloped double- stranded RNA viruses and the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in infants and young children. We identified fatty acid 2- hydroxylase (encoded by FA2H) in the fatty acid 2- hydroxylation pathway as a proviral gene that supports RV infection. Genetic ablation of FA2H interfered wi...
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作者：Mykicki, Nadine; Eble, Johannes A.; Weighardt, Heike; Gonnelli, Elena; Schneeweiss, Maria; Esser, Charlotte; Weishaupt, Carsten; Rezaei, Maryam; Foerster, Irmgard; Schwab, Nicholas; Wiendl, Heinz; Clausen, Bjoern E.; Meuth, Sven G.; Loser, Karin
作者单位：Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg; University of Munster; University of Bonn; University of Munster; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF); University of Munster; University of Munster; University of Freiburg; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf Hospital
摘要：Environmental stimuli, including the exposure to ultraviolet (UV)-B light, are known to play a role in the modulation of immune-mediated mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS). In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we have shown that UV-B irradiation ameliorates disease outcome by regulatory T cells (Treg) expansion. Moreover, the UV-B-mediated induction of Treg numbers was also observed in MS. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can be activated by environmental factors including...
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作者：Thomas, Christopher P.; Tyrrell, Victoria J.; Burston, James J.; Johnson, Sam R. C.; Aldrovandi, Maceler; Alvarez-Jarreta, Jorge; Inglis, Rossa; Leonard, Adam; Fice, Lydia; Costales, Jeremie; Vidal-Puig, Antonio; Protty, Majd; Guy, Carol; Andrews, Robert; Szomolay, Barbara; Cossins, Ben C.; Figueras, Ana Cardus; Carobbio, Stefania; Jones, Simon A.; O'Donnell, Valerie B.
作者单位：Cardiff University; Cardiff University; Cardiff University; Prince Felipe Research Center; University of Cambridge; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Addenbrooke's Hospital
摘要：12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX, Alox15) generates bioactive oxygenated lipids during inflammation, however its homeostatic role(s) in normal healing are unclear. Here, the role of 12/15-LOX in resolving skin wounds was elucidated, focusing on how its lipids act together in physiologically relevant amounts. In mice, wounding caused acute appearance of 12/15-LOX-expressing macrophages and stem cells, coupled to early generation of similar to 12 monohydroxy-oxylipins and enzymatically oxidized pho...
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作者：Willink, Beatriz; Ho, Tammy Ai Tian; Svensson, Erik I.
作者单位：Cornell University; Aarhus University; Lund University
摘要：Sexual conflict over mating has been documented in many species, both in the field and in experimental studies. In pond damselflies (family Coenagrionidae), sexual conflict maintains female-limited color polymorphisms, with one female morph typically being a male mimic. However, it is not known whether sexual conflict can also explain the evolutionary origin of novel female morphs, and if so, what ecological factors play a role in this macroevolutionary transition, by modulating the strength o...
