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作者：Sharan, Deepti; Nurek, Agnieszka; Stemczynski, Joshua; Turan, Kristof; Little, Alexander S.; Coyne, Michael J.; McMillin, Mary; Sidebottom, Ashley M.; Comstock, Laurie E.; Light, Samuel H.
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago
摘要：The human gut microbiome plays a central role in nutrient metabolism, yet the fate of exogenous nucleic acids within this ecosystem remains poorly understood. Here, we show that multiple Bacteroidales species efficiently metabolize exogenous DNA, with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron converting it into the deaminated nucleobases uracil and xanthine. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we identify ddbABCDEF, a six-gene locus encoding secreted nucleases and an outer membrane transporter, essen...
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作者：Snow, Meradeth; Searcy, Michael T.; Summers, Rachel; Blohm, Tre; Hazelwood, Lacy; McDonald, Holli; Jensen, Samuel J.; Punzo-Diaz, Jose Luis
作者单位：University of Montana System; University of Montana; Brigham Young University; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：The Casas Grandes region in northwest Chihuahua, Mexico, is ideally situated to explore the notion of contact between the US Southwest/Northwest Mexico and Mesoamerica, as it lies geographically in a region where cultural traditions were combined in unique ways. In order to explain these dynamics, past researchers have suggested that the primary catalyst for the flourishing Casas Grandes population in the thirteenth century A.D. was caused by migrants from Mesoamerica or from larger population...
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作者：Kanai, Ryuta; Tsunekawa, Naoki; Cornelius, Flemming; Vilsen, Bente; Toyoshima, Chikashi
作者单位：University of Tokyo; Aarhus University
摘要：Palytoxin (PTX), a potent marine toxin, has long been known to transform Na+,K+- ATPase (NKA), an indispensable ion pump, into a nonselective cation channel. It has been postulated that PTX takes control of the two gates on either side of a channel-like pore. These gates normally open and close alternately, synchronized with chemical events, never opening simultaneously. A critical question is whether palytoxin takes over the control of the two gates or creates a new pathway. Here, we present ...
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作者：Leprevost, Laura; Junge, Sophie; Lippens, Guy; Guillaume, Celine; Sicoli, Giuseppe; Oliveira, Lydie; Falcone, Enrico; de Santis, Emiliano; Rivera-Millot, Alex; Billon, Gabriel; Stellato, Francesco; Henry, Celine; Antoine, Rudy; Zirah, Severine; Dubiley, Svetlana; Li, Yanyan; Jacob-Dubuisson, Francoise
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作者：Monter, Samuel; Loos, Sarah A. M.; Bechinger, Clemens
作者单位：University of Konstanz; University of Cambridge; Max Planck Society
摘要：The optimal control of finite-time processes on the microscale is of significant theoretical and practical interest, particularly for the energy-efficient operation of nanomachines. While previous studies have primarily focused on transitions between equilibrium states, many biologically and technologically relevant processes occur far from equilibrium. In such nonequilibrium settings, memory, a ubiquitous feature in realistic systems, plays an intricate role, as any driving necessarily excite...
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作者：Takazawa, Shuntaro; Ninomiya, Kakeru; Ha, Minh-Quyet; Vu, Tien-Sinh; Sasaki, Yuhei; Abe, Masaki; Uematsu, Hideshi; Okawa, Naru; Ishiguro, Nozomu; Ozaki, Kyosuke; Hatsui, Takaki; Hoshino, Taiki; Nishibori, Maiko; Dam, Hieu-Chi; Takahashi, Yukio
作者单位：Tohoku University; Tohoku University; RIKEN; Tohoku University; Japan Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (JAIST); Tohoku University
摘要：Understanding mesoscale structural dynamics of precipitation-strengthened alloys is essential for optimizing the mechanical performances of these alloys. Herein, we establish a multimodal coherent X-ray diffraction imaging framework for spatiotemporal mapping of mesoscale structural dynamics in precipitation-strengthened alloys. As a demonstrative application, we visualized the structural evolution in Mg97Zn1Gd2 during isothermal annealing at 700 K, revealing real-time dynamics of nucleation, ...
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作者：Mottram, Timothy J.; Harper, Katherine L.; Vasconcelos, Elton J. R.; Whitehouse, Adrian
作者单位：University of Leeds; University of Leeds; University of Leeds; Rhodes University
摘要：Pseudouridylation is a prevalent RNA modification occurring in transfer RNAs (tRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), small non-coding RNAs (snoRNAs), and has been most recently identified in mRNAs and lncRNAs. Emerging evidence suggests that this dynamic RNA modification is implicated in altering gene expression by regulating RNA stability, modulating translation elongation, and modifying amino acid substitution rates. However, the role of pseudouridylation in infection is poorly understood. Herein, ...
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作者：Gan, Peiheng; Zhou, Xinyi; Shah, Akansha M.; Bezprozvannaya, Svetlana; Chen, Kenian; Ding, Qianqian; Li, Hui; Xu, Lin; Liu, Ning; Olson, Eric N.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：Differentiation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is driven by the activation of a set of genes controlled by serum response factor (SRF), a ubiquitous transcription factor with limited intrinsic transcriptional activity. Myocardin (MYOCD) is a strong transcriptional coactivator that orchestrates smooth muscle differentiation through its association with SRF. MYOCD forms nuclear condensates via its intrinsically disordered transcription activation domain (TAD), whereas SRF is diffusely distributed...
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作者：Johnson, Danielle R.; Bocanski, Adam; Diorio, Emily M.; Chen, James; Meng, Hui
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY
摘要：Recent discovery of extreme clustering of inertial particles in isotropic turbulent flow suggests a hidden mechanism of particle-particle interaction at sub-Kolmogorov separations unexplained by hydrodynamic interaction. The near-contact radial distribution function (RDF) reaches O(104), resulting in a collision kernel four orders larger than direct numerical simulation predictions. Statistical stationarity is lost in the particle-laden turbulence, suggesting the particles experience a nonequi...
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作者：Kim, Youngwon; Kim, Namhoon; Lee, Wonjae; Kim, Youbin; Kim, Donghyeon; Park, Jisu; Jung, Yong-Keun
作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center
摘要：Despite the many studies on the ubiquitin-proteasome system, our understanding of the proteasome itself is limited. The balance and regulation of 26S and 30S proteasomes are not yet known. Here, we show that among the proteasome base assembly chaperones, only S5b/PSMD5 determines the levels of proteasome holoenzymes, especially the 30S proteasome, in mammals. In a variety of cell lines and mouse tissues, we found that apart from its role in yeast 19S proteasome assembly, loss of S5b/PSMD5 incr...
