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作者：Chang, Claire H. C.; Nastase, Samuel A.; Hasson, Uri; Dominey, Peter Ford
作者单位：Princeton University; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite Bourgogne Europe
摘要：Natural language unfolds over multiple nested timescales: Words form sentences, sentences form paragraphs, and paragraphs build into full narratives. Correspondingly, the brain exhibits a hierarchy of processing timescales, spanning from lower-to higher-order regions. During narrative comprehension, neural activation patterns have been shown to propagate along this cortical hierarchy with increasing temporal delays (lags). To investigate the mechanisms underlying this lag gradient, we systemat...
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作者：Asabuki, Toshitake; Gillon, Colleen J.; Clopath, Claudia
作者单位：Imperial College London; RIKEN
摘要：The predictive coding hypothesis proposes that top-down predictions are compared with incoming bottom-up sensory information, with prediction errors signaling the discrepancies between these inputs. While this hypothesis explains the presence of prediction errors, recent experimental studies suggest that prediction error signals can emerge within a local circuit, that is, from bottom-up sensory input alone. In this paper, we test whether local circuits alone can generate predictive signals by ...
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作者：Kannan, Sudharsan; Kasberg, William; Ernandez, Liliana R.; Audhya, Anjon; Robertson, Gail A.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Mechanisms underlying heterotypic subunit assembly of ion channels and other oligomeric complexes are poorly understood. In the human heart, heteromeric assembly of two isoforms encoded by the human ether-& agrave;- go-go related gene (hERG) is essential for the normal function of cardiac IKr in ventricular repolarization, with loss of hERG1b contributing to arrhythmias associated with long QT-syndrome (LQTS). While hERG1a homomers traffic efficiently to the plasma membrane, hERG1b homomers ar...
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作者：Pandya, Rajul E.; Boyd, Amanda D.; Feliu-Mojer, Monica I.; Yanovitzky, Itzhak
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Washington State University; Washington State University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：There is a critical need to strengthen science-society relationships-especially with historically marginalized communities-if we are to better and more equitably manage complicated, intertwined, global challenges at the intersection of environment, health, equity, and well-being. Community-engaged science, which focuses on shared leadership and mutual benefit in scientific partnership with communities, has the potential to transform science, communities, and even society. Despite this promise,...
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作者：Rowley-Conwy, Peter
作者单位：Durham University
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作者：Vasudevan, Harish N.; Arang, Nadia; Nunez, Maria Sacconi; Kennedy, Patrick; Payne, Emily; Mohabeer, Sarah; Chien, Julian; Wright, Aaron; Sale, Matthew J.; Krogan, Nevan J.; Forget, Antoine; Mccormick, Frank
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; UCSF Medical Center; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
摘要：The NF1 tumor suppressor gene is recurrently mutated in human cancers and is associated with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) cancer predisposition syndrome. NF1 encodes neurofibromin, a Ras guanosine triphosphate (GTPase) activating protein that negatively regulates Ras signaling. NF1 mutation accordingly leads to Ras misactivation and downstream activation of RAF/MEK/ERK signaling, leading to the approval of the MEK inhibitor selumetinib for NF-1 associated peripheral nervous system (PNS)...
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作者：Wei, Yanchang; Yue, Tao; Wang, Yuanyuan; Yang, Yan
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Each new mammalian life begins with the fusion of an oocyte and a sperm to produce a fertilized egg containing two sets of genomes, one from the mother and one from the father. Androgenesis, a way for producing offspring solely from male genetic material, is limited in mammals, presumably due to barriers arising from genomic imprinting, an epigenetic mechanism leading to monoallelic gene expression. Here, we report adult mammalian offspring derived from the genetic material of two sperm cells....
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作者：Roberts-Gaal, Xavier; Bolic, Marija; Cushman, Fiery A.
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Toronto
摘要：Cumulative culture requires learning mechanisms that are both efficient and flexible in the face of environmental change. We examine models of this learning mechanism that emphasize teaching what to do (causally opaque procedures) and those that foreground what to aim for and why (goals and causal reasoning). Learning procedures is cheap but inflexible; learning goals is more flexible to changing circumstance, but requires expensive individual learning about how to achieve them. In an iterated...
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作者：Brombacher, Anieke; Searle-Barnes, Alex; Mulqueeney, James M.; Standish, Christopher D.; Milton, J. Andy; Katsamenis, Orestis L.; Watson, Richard A.; Trueman, Clive; Sinclair, Ian; Wilson, Paul A.; Foster, Gavin L.; Ezard, Thomas H. G.
作者单位：NERC National Oceanography Centre; University of Southampton; Yale University; NERC National Oceanography Centre; Natural History Museum London; University of Southampton; University of Southampton; University of Southampton; University of Southampton
摘要：The fossil record provides the most powerful evidence of large-scale biodiversity change on Earth, but it does so at coarse and often idiosyncratic temporal scales. One critical problem that arises concerns the evolutionary consequences of individual environmental experience. Individuals respond to their environment instantaneously, whereas the resolution of most fossil records aggregates multiple paleoenvironments over time scales beyond individual lifespans. Therefore, the presence of phenot...
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作者：Cao, Guan-Long; Li, Xiao-Qian; Zhang, Jun; Peng, Huan-Wen; Li, Hong-Lei; Erst, Andrey S.; Jabbour, Florian; Ortiz, Rosa del C.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Wang, Wei
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences; Central Siberian Botanical Garden; Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Sorbonne Universite; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Missouri Botanical Gardens; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) harbors extraordinarily high levels of biodiversity and endemism. The region is warming at a rate twice the global average, yet the evolutionary dynamics of its unique biota are poorly understood. Here, we used the endemic land plant genera of the QTP to investigate how its floristic endemism was shaped over time by Cenozoic geoclimatic changes. We first clarified that the QTP hosts 82 endemic land plant genera; we found that the origins of these endemic genera ...
