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作者：Phintha, Aisaraphon; Lukowski, April L.; Chaiyen, Pimchai
作者单位：Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science & Technology; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：A single-component flavin-dependent halogenase, AetF, has emerged as an attractive biocatalyst for catalyzing halogenation. However, its flavin chemistry remains unexplored and cannot be predicted due to its uniqueness in sequence and structure compared to other flavin-dependent monooxygenases. Here, we investigated the flavin reactions of AetF using transient kinetics. Our data revealed that NADP(+) binding is required for formation of C4a-hydroperoxy flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) (FAD(C4...
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作者：Tah, Indrajit; Haertter, Daniel; Crawford, Janice M.; Kiehart, Daniel P.; Schmidt, Christoph F.; Liu, Andrea J.
作者单位：Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; CSIR - Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI); University of Pennsylvania; University of Gottingen; UNIVERSITY GOTTINGEN HOSPITAL; Duke University; Duke University; The Santa Fe Institute
摘要：Dorsal closure is a process that occurs during embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. During dorsal closure, the amnioserosa (AS), a one-cell thick epithelial tissue that fills the dorsal opening, shrinks as the lateral epidermis sheets converge and eventually merge. During this process, both shape index and aspect ratio of amnioserosa cells increase markedly. The standard 2-dimensional vertex model, which successfully describes tissue sheet mechanics in multiple contexts, would in this cas...
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作者：Wiser, Lindsey S.; Bell, Taylor J.; Line, Michael R.; Schlawin, Everett; Beatty, Thomas G.; Welbanks, Luis; Greene, Thomas P.; Parmentier, Vivien; Murphy, Matthew M.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Arnold, Kenny; Mehta, Nishil; Ohno, Kazumasa; Mukherjee, Sagnick
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Arizona; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Universite Cote d'Azur; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ)
摘要：WASP-80 b, a warm sub-Jovian (equilibrium temperature similar to 820 K, 0.5 Jupiter masses), presents an opportunity to characterize a rare gas giant exoplanet around a low-mass star. In addition, its moderate temperature enables its atmosphere to host a range of carbon and oxygen species (H2O, CH4, CO, CO2, NH3). In this paper, we present a panchromatic emission spectrum of WASP-80 b, the first gas giant around a late K/early M-dwarf star and the coolest planet for which the James Webb Space ...
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作者：Agip, Ahmed-Noor A.; Ornelas, Pamela; Yang, Tzu-Jing; Uboldi, Ermanno; Hader, Sabine; McDowell, Melanie A.; Kuhlbrandt, Werner
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作者：Gavris, Georgios Barkoulis; Sun, WaiChing
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Inferring accurate and precise material models necessary for high-fidelity predictions has been a central challenge in constitutive modeling. Both traditional regression methods and modern machine-learning approaches require specialized data labels, which often cannot be sufficiently obtained from experiments. This data demand makes many sophisticated models impractical for real-world problems. Improvements in digital image correlation techniques have enabled accurate measurements of displacem...
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作者：Lee, James; Manon, Victor; Chen, Jue
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：In the host-pathogen arms race, herpesviruses and poxviruses encode proteins that sabotage the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), thereby suppressing MHC-I antigen presentation and enabling lifelong infection. Of the five known viral TAP inhibitors, only the herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein ICP47 has been structurally resolved. We now report cryoelectron microscopy structures of TAP in complex with the remaining four: BNLF2a (Epstein-Barr virus), hUS6 (human cytomegaloviru...
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作者：Wang, Danyang; Chavas, Daniel R.; Schenkel, Benjamin A.
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：Tropical cyclones are expected to intensify more rapidly with warming, but relatively little work has examined whether they could expand more rapidly with warming, too. Recent theory predicts that peak expansion rate should increase with sea surface temperature (SST), and physical arguments suggest this dependence should be specifically on the relative SST, i.e. the SST difference from the tropical mean. We test this hypothesis with historical observational data, in which SST variations are pr...
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作者：Holleman, Ethan; Catley, Thomas E.; Sereiva, Tadas; Hartono, Stella R.; Pyne, Alice L. B.; Chedin, Frederic
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Sheffield
摘要：R-loops are an important class of non-B DNA structures that form co-transcriptionally. Using in vitro transcription and unbiased quantitative sequencing readouts, we show that the addition of single-strand DNA binding proteins co-transcriptionally can drive a 3-to 5-fold increase of R-loop frequencywithout significant changes to R-loop distribution. We propose that this is caused by stabilizing and preventing the collapse of short nascent R-loops. This suggests that R-loop formation is highly ...
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作者：Blazanin, Michael; Vasen, Eli; Jolis, Celia Vilaro; An, William; Turner, Paul E.
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; University of Barcelona; Yale University
摘要：A frequent goal of phage biology is to quantify how well a phage kills a population of host bacteria. Unfortunately, traditional methods to quantify phage success can be time-consuming, limiting the throughput of experiments. Here, we use theory to show how the effects of phages on their hosts can be quantified using bacterial population dynamics measured in a high-throughput microplate reader (automated spectrophotometer). We use mathematical models to simulate bacterial population dynamics w...
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作者：Cohen, Karly E.; Coates, Michael I.; Fraser, Gareth J.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Washington; University of Chicago
摘要：Chimaeras (Holocephali) are an understudied group of mostly deep-ocean cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) with unique characteristics that distinguish them from their distant relatives, sharks, skates, and rays. Unlike sharks, chimaeras lack scales and do not have serially replacing rows of serrated teeth crowned with enameloid. Instead, they possess a fused dentition of dentine tooth plates. Additionally, male chimaeras develop an articulated cartilaginous facial appendage, the tenaculum, ...
