2025

最新文章

• 100 generations of wealth equality after the Neolithic transitions AI翻译
  作者：Kerig, Tim; Crema, Enrico R.; Birch, Jennifer; Feinman, Gary M.; Green, Adam S.; Gronenborn, Detlef; Lawrence, Dan; Petrie, Cameron A.; Roscoe, Paul; Thompson, Amy E.; Kohler, Timothy A.
  作者单位：University of Kiel; Leipzig University; University of Cambridge; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of York - UK; University of York - UK; Durham University; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Washington State University; The Santa Fe Institute
  摘要：From Rousseau onward, scholars have identified the transition to sedentary agriculture as crucial to the history of wealth inequality. Here, using the GINI project's global database on disparities in residential size, we examine the effects of important innovations in plant cultivation, animal husbandry, and traction on wealth inequality. Over a series of regional case studies, we find no evidence of major changes in residential disparity before or after these technological innovations became ...
• Unbalanced social-ecological acceleration led to state formation failure in early medieval Poland AI翻译
  作者：Izdebski, Adam; Czerwinski, Sambor; Jankowiak, Marek; Danielewski, Marcin; Fiolna, Sabina; Gromig, Raphael; Guzowski, Piotr; Haghipour, Negar; Hajdas, Irka; Kolaczek, Piotr; Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Marcisz, Katarzyna; Niebieszczanski, Jakub; Sankiewicz, Pawel; Wagner, Bernd
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Warsaw; University of Warsaw; Fahrenheit Universities; University of Gdansk; Adam Mickiewicz University; Free University of Berlin; Simon Fraser University; University of Cologne; University of Bialystok; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Adam Mickiewicz University
  摘要：Rapid social-ecological intensification is a recurrent feature of human history. It occurred in different forms and contexts; its outcomes may have been sustainable or transient. Until recently, such intensifications usually accompanied state formation: Consolidation of political power was often coupled with exponential increase in human exploitation of the environment of a given area. Here, we study one such case, uniquely well-documented through our rich paleoecological, archaeological, numi...
• Biallelic variants in the conserved ribosomal protein chaperone gene PDCD2 are associated with hydrops fetalis and early pregnancy loss AI翻译
  作者：Voyer, Anne - Marie Landry-; Holling, Tess; Mis, Emily K.; Hassani, Zabih Mir; Alawi, Malik; Ji, Weizhen; Jeffries, Lauren; Kutsche, Kerstin; Bachand, Francois; Lakhani, Saquib A.
  作者单位：University of Sherbrooke; University of Hamburg; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Yale University; University of Hamburg; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
  摘要：Pregnancy loss is a major problem in clinical medicine with devastating consequences for families. Next generation sequencing has improved our ability to identify underlying molecular causes, though over half of all cases lack a clear etiology. Here, we began with clinical evaluation combined with exome sequencing across independent families to identify bi-allelic candidate genetic variants in the Programmed Cell Death 2 (PDCD2) gene in multiple fetuses with nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF). P...
• ZmGCT1/2 negatively regulate drought tolerance in maize by inhibiting ZmSLAC1 to maintain guard cell turgor AI翻译
  作者：Feng, Zhenkai; Li, Huiying; Sun, Zhihui; Cheng, Jinkui; Hua, Deping; Wang, Yu; Qi, Junsheng; Yang, Shuhua; Gong, Zhizhong
  作者单位：China Agricultural University; Hebei University
  摘要：Stomata, which are essential for the exchange of CO2 and water vapor between plant leaves and the atmosphere, are regulated by a variety of environmental and internal factors. In this study, we identified and characterized two genes, Guard Cell Turgor Maintaining 1 (GCT1) and its closest homolog GCT2, which encode rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)- like protein kinases that play a critical role in maintaining guard cell turgor in Zea mays. We found that overexpression of ZmGCT1 and ZmGCT2...
• Bilateral astrocyte reaction to unilateral insult in the optic projection to the brain AI翻译
  作者：Holden, Joseph M.; Calkins, David J.
  作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University
• Demographic interactions between the last hunter-gatherers and the first farmers AI翻译
  作者：Nicolau, Alfredo Cortell-; Rivas, Javier; Crema, Enrico R.; Shennan, Stephen; Garcia-Puchol, Oreto; Kolar, Jan; Staniuk, Robert; Timpson, Adrian
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Cambridge; University of Bath; University of London; University College London; University of Valencia; Czech Academy of Sciences
  摘要：Demographic interaction processes play a pivotal role during episodes of cultural diffusion between different populations, particularly when these episodes can lead to competition for the same resources and geographic space. The diffusion of farming is one prototypical case within this broader scenario, where groups of incumbent hunter-gatherers occupied a space which would later be claimed by expanding farmers. In this work, we tackle such processes through a two-population mathematical model...
• Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate activation mechanism of human KCNQ5 AI翻译
  作者：Yang, Zhenni; Zheng, Yueming; Ma, Demin; Wang, Long; Zhang, Jiatong; Song, Tiefeng; Wang, Yong; Zhang, Yan; Nan, Fajun; Su, Nannan; Gao, Zhaobing; Guo, Jiangtao
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Liangzhu Laboratory; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University
  摘要：The human voltage-gated potassium channels KCNQ2, KCNQ3, and KCNQ5 can form homo-and heterotetrameric channels that are responsible for generating the neuronal M current and maintaining the membrane potential stable. Activation of KCNQ channels requires both the depolarization of membrane potential and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Here, we report cryoelectron microscopy structures of the human KCNQ5-calmodulin (CaM) complex in the apo, PIP2-bound, and both PIP2-and the activat...
• Long- chain alkanes preserved in a Martian mudstone AI翻译
  作者：Freissinet, Caroline; Glavin, Daniel P.; Archer Jr, P. Douglas; Teinturier, Samuel; Buch, Arnaud; Szopa, Cyril; Lewis, James M. T.; Williams, Amy J.; Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael; Dworkin, Jason P.; Franz, Heather. B.; Millan, Maeva; Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.; Summons, R. E.; House, Christopher H.; Williams, Ross H.; Steele, Andrew; McIntosha, Ophelie; Gomez, Felipe; Prats, Benito; Malespin, Charles A.; Mahaffy, Paul R.
  作者单位：Universite Paris Saclay; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); Universities Space Research Association (USRA); Universite Paris Saclay; Howard University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)
  摘要：Organic molecules preserved in ancient Martian rocks provide a critical record of the past habitability of Mars and could be chemical biosignatures. Experiments conducted by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument onboard the Curiosity rover have previously reported several classes of indigenous chlorinated and sulfur-containing organic compounds in Gale crater sedimentary rocks, with chemical structures of up to six carbons. Here, we report the detection of decane (C10H22), undecane (C11H24), ...
• Neural basis for individual differences in the attention- enhancing effects of methylphenidate AI翻译
  作者：Manza, Peter; Tomasi, Dardo; Demiral, Suekrue Baris; Shokri-Kojori, Ehsan; Lildharrie, Christina; Lin, Esther; Wang, Gene-Jack; Volkow, Nora D.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA); University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore
  摘要：Stimulant drugs that boost dopamine, like methylphenidate (MP), enhance attention and are effective treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet there is large individual variation in attentional capacity and response to MP. It is unclear whether this variation is driven by individual differences in relative density of dopamine receptor subtypes, magnitude of dopamine increases induced by MP, or both. Here, we extensively characterized the brain dopamine system with posi...
• Most Christian American religious leaders silently believe in climate change, and informing their congregation can help open dialogue AI翻译
  作者：Syropoulos, Stylianos; Sparkman, Gregg
  作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Boston College
  摘要：Religious leaders shape the attitudes and beliefs of their congregations. In a nationally representative sample of U.S. religious leaders (N = 1,600), the majority of which were of a Christian faith, we find that nearly 90% believe in anthropogenic climate change to some degree. From this 90%, a total of 60% believe humans play a major role and an additional 30% believe they play a role, but a more minor one. Yet roughly half have never discussed it with their congregation, and only a quarter ...