-
作者：GEORGAKOPOULOS, T
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of York - UK
摘要：This paper shows that trade deflection is not the administrative aspect of the restricted origin principle, as suggested in the literature, but an important analytical issue that bears on resource allocation. When deflection is taken into account, trade distortions are avoided only when either domestic or, at least, border tax adjustment rates are equal in the member countries and trade balances are in bilateral equilibrium. The control of deflection via rules of destination causes trade disto...
-
作者：TAYLOR, L
摘要：This paper models jurisdictions that compete for an industry by building infrastructure more rapidly than their identical neighbors. Such competition can waste resources. Lucrative 'prizes' - the tax revenues and the value of jobs that an incoming firm would provide - stimulate infrastructural spending and waste. Low initial levels of infrastructure discourage infrastructural competition. The paper urges a cautious approach toward federal subsidies of local expenditures on infrastructure.
-
作者：EBERT, U
摘要：This paper investigates Mirrlees' model of optimal income taxation. It provides a concrete example of utility and density functions for which the solution to the usual (first-order) model is not implementable, i.e. an example where the first-order approach does not work. Adding second-order conditions leads to an extended model and to implementable solutions. If these conditions are binding one gets a kink in the optimal net-income schedule and bunching of individuals occurs. The properties of...
-
作者：KRISTOV, L; LINDERT, P; MCCLELLAND, R
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; United States Department of Labor
摘要：The simple pressure group model of political redistribution can predict more with less restrictive assumptions. Instead of ready-made pressure groups composed of individuals who vote their pocketbooks, we posit heterogeneous agents each of whom decides which group to join and how much effort to expend on political activity. Our model then examines 'social affinity' conditions that foster pressure group formation. Political sympathies based on social affinity imply testable effects of growth ra...
-
作者：BRANDTS, J; DEBARTOLOME, CAM
作者单位：New York University; Autonomous University of Barcelona
摘要：Uncertainty in the size of the working population leads to uncertainty in wages and in the return to capital, and to the possible desirability of an insurance contract between unborn workers and future retirees. However Green (1977, 1988) finds that an insurance contract is unlikely to benefit both generations. We show that a worker has two potential sources of actuarial bias: Green's result is due to workers in his model being of different types and some workers having only one source of bias...
-
作者：BROWN, E; LANKFORD, H
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY
摘要：We develop a model that recognizes interdependence between individuals' charitable cash donations and volunteer labor. Using survey data, we estimate giving functions jointly, allowing a binding non-negativity constraint in one giving equation to affect the form of the other. The tax price of money giving is significant in all equations, with estimated elasticities of -1.7 for money giving, -2.1 for women's time, and -1.1 for men's time. The complementarity between volunteer labor and cash don...
-
作者：BERGSTROM, TC; BLUME, L; VARIAN, H
-
作者：SCHOLZ, JK
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：This paper describes and estimates an empirical model that directly tests the dividend clientele hypothesis using data on individual portfolios from the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances. The results provide evidence that investors are sensitive to tax rates when choosing portfolio dividend yields, and thus support a number of indirect tests that use security price data to investigate the clientele hypothesis. However, the approach taken in this paper avoids the difficulty, inherent in the indi...
-
作者：VALDMANIS, V
摘要：The research presented here applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to a sample of public (government-owned) and not-for-profit hospitals operating in Michigan in 1982. The focus of this research is twofold. First, assessing the relative efficiency between these two ownership types using the DEA rather than cost or profit functions can add insights into the production practices of these two ownership forms of hospitals. Second, testing the sensitivity of the DEA will add credence to this a...
-
作者：AGELL, J; LUNDBORG, P
摘要：We specify a two-sector general equilibrium model with fair wages and involuntary unemployment. In determining the fair wage, workers care not only about relative wages but also about the functional distribution of income, i.e. the wage-rental rate. With the general equilibrium cum fair wage model, we discuss the effects of tax policy and unemployment benefits on involuntary unemployment and resource allocation, and re-examine classical results on tax incidence. Among other things, we show tha...
