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作者：BLACKORBY, C; LAISNEY, F; SCHMACHTENBERG, R
作者单位：University of Mannheim; University of British Columbia; University of Bonn; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：A number of studies have evaluated the social welfare impact of price and income changes using equivalent incomes that are computed at some reference price vector, and an aggregator with these equivalent incomes as arguments in place of a social welfare function. This paper investigates the impact of the choice of the reference price vector on the results of such exercises, distinguishing the case of individualized prices from the constrained case where all individuals face the same price vect...
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作者：BREYER, F; STRAUB, M
作者单位：University of Bielefeld
摘要：A mandatory unfunded pension system can lead to welfare losses if the contributions are levied in such a way that the labor supply decision of the individuals is distorted. This is shown in an overlapping-generations model for a closed economy. Furthermore, it is shown that under certain conditions a gradual abolition of unfunded pensions - using lump-sum contributions in the transition phase - can lead to an intergenerational Pareto improvement. Thus the paper extends a result recently derive...
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作者：CHAMBERS, RG; LOPEZ, R
摘要：The social rate of return to public investment in industries with fixed real-price supports is studied using a simple general-equilibrium model. Fixed real-price supports are shown to enhance the likelihood of immiserizing growth due to capital accumulation or technological innovation in the supported sector. General conditions under which an intervention price will induce a negative social rate of return to public investment are derived.
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作者：LEECHOR, C; MINTZ, J
作者单位：University of Toronto; The World Bank
摘要：The user cost of capital for a subsidiary is derived when the capital exporter uses the deferral method for the taxation of the parent's foreign-source income. The Hartman-Sinn result implying that the capital exporter's tax on remitted dividends is irrelevant to a subsidiary using retentions to finance investment is shown to be correct only when host and home countries have similar corporate income tax bases. Otherwise, both the home and host country corporate tax provisions influence the cos...
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作者：DICK, AR; LOTT, JR
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：This paper provides an efficiency explanation for why rational voters simultaneously re-elect their incumbents and vote for term limits. Our explanation focuses upon a free-riding problem that voters face in choosing their political representatives. Even when all districts would benefit from replacing their political representatives, any individual district will find it costly to remove its own incumbent whose long tenure in office has made him skilled at directing government wealth transfers....
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作者：CREMER, H; GAHVARI, F
摘要：This paper incorporates tax evasion into Ramsey's optimal taxation problem. It provides (i) a precise and intuitive characterization of the tradeoff between optimal tax rates and audit probabilities, and (ii) a modified version of the 'Ramsey equation'. It also proves that in the presence of tax evasion: (a) the well-known requirement of 'proportional reduction in compensated demands', (b) the traditional result on the optimality of uniform taxation when income is exogenous, and (c) the equiva...
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作者：EZE, P; WOLFE, B
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Clark University
摘要：This paper investigates an efficiency implication of Medicare's prospective payment system (PPS) on the utilization of United States Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital inpatient services by elderly veterans. There is empirical evidence to suggest that non-VA hospitals are reacting to PPS by increasingly shifting veterans they expect may be high-cost to VA hospitals. We define as efficient, allocations that would occur if hospitals acted as perfect agents of the patient, then we show that some shif...
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作者：YANG, CC
摘要：This paper introduces the concept of 'risk attitudes' a government may take toward random revenue in the design of a linear income tax. It shows that the familiar trade-off formula between equity and efficiency can be derived either by assuming a 'risk-neutral' government attitude toward random revenue or by assuming no randomness of revenue. We provide numerical analysis to demonstrate that optimum tax schedules for a 'non-risk-neutral' government can significantly deviate from those for a 'r...
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作者：LOCKWOOD, B; MANNING, A
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper analyses the effects of a non-linear tax system on wage bargaining. The main conclusions are: an increase in the marginal income or payroll tax rate reduces the pre-tax wage; in the isoelastic case, an increase in the average tax rate increases the pre-tax wage by more than the tax increase, and a measure of the progressivity of the tax system (residual income progression) is a sufficient measure of the effect of the tax system on wage pressure. Empirical evidence is presented to su...
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作者：HUNG, NM
作者单位：Laval University
摘要：Hartwick's analysis of incorporating resource depletion in standard national income accounting is extended to the consideration of stock effects under both certainty and uncertainty.
