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作者：POGODZINSKI, JM; SJOQUIST, DL
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：This paper presents two specifications of a simple general equilibrium model of a local public goods economy in which median voters determine the tax-expenditure package in each jurisdiction. Within the context of this model, two alternative tax regimes, a local income tax and a property tax, are compared. Prices, incomes, utility levels and the allocation of individuals across jurisdictions are shown to depend on the tax regime.
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作者：HOLMLUND, B; LINDEN, J
摘要：The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the macroeconomic effects of temporary public employment programs ('relief jobs'). The framework is a matching model where wages are determined by Nash bargains between individual firms and workers. Public employment programs have a direct job placement effect which tends to reduce unemployment. There is also an effect on wage pressure, the direction of this effect hinges on whether the programs are aimed at increasing unemployment outflow or reduci...
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作者：ARNOTT, R; KRAUS, M
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：In recent years, a new set of models drawing on Vickrey (1969) has been developed to analyze the economics of congestible facilities. These models are structural in that they derive the cost function from consumers' time-of-use decisions and the congestion technology. Standard models, in contrast, simply assume the general form of the cost function. We apply the new approach to analyze the Ramsey problem for a congestible facility, and show that the solution generally entails cost inefficiency...
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作者：COATS, RM; DALTON, TR
作者单位：Southern University System; Southern University New Orleans
摘要：Lott (1986, 1987a) argues that brand names can be barriers to entry in political markets because political brand names cannot be sold. Our empirical model examines the effect of inalienability of political capital on entry into nineteenth-century British political markets. We test the hypothesis that since county races were more expensive than borough races owing to greater costs of information, the level of non-transferable investment produced by a given number of past campaigns was greater i...
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作者：OTSUKI, M
摘要：The application of distributive equity has been confined to the allocation of private goods. This paper extends this application to economics with public goods. After the surplus accruing from publicness in consumption of public goods is defined and quantified, we show: (1) There exists an efficient allocation such that the surplus from publicness as well as all of the resources available are equitably distributed. (2) The surplus from publicness fails to be equitably distributed in Lindahl eq...
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作者：MUSGRAVE, RA
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper develops the proposition that the normative design of a good tax system depends on the ethical premise or social contract on which society is taken to operate. This thesis is applied to Lockean entitlement to earnings with its corollary of benefit taxation and to the utilitarian model with its counterpart of maximum welfare or least total sacrifice. Fairness rules including maximin are also noted. For each case the role of tax avoidance and resulting deadweight loss is examined and ...
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作者：SWENSON, CW
摘要：The effectiveness of the tax credit for research and experimentation (R&E) expenditures is examined using a panel of firm data for the period 1975 through 1988. Using a structural model, the results generally indicate that the credit resulted in increased R&E spending. However, the effect of the credit was substantially mitigated by the impacts of net operating loss carryovers and low growth opportunities. Results also indicate some degree of decreased R&E spending as a result of debt restruct...
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作者：TURNBULL, GK
摘要：The flypaper effect is the empirical observation that increases in intergovernmental aid stimulate greater local government expenditure than do increases in voter income. Fiscal illusion provides a widely accepted explanation for this asymmetry. Models of voter behavior under fiscal illusion typically assume that taxpayers consistently misperceive nonstochastic average for marginal tax prices. This paper develops an alternative framework in which rational voters recognize marginal tax prices b...
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作者：BUITER, WH; PATEL, UR
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：The paper studies the solvency of the Indian public sector and the eventual monetization and inflation that would be implied by stabilization of the debt-GNP ratio in the absence of changes in the primary deficit. The nonstationarity of the discounted public debt suggests that indefinite continuation of the pattern of behavior reflected in the historical time-series process is inconsistent with the maintenance of solvency. This message is reinforced by the recent behavior of the debt-GNP ratio...
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作者：FRASER, CD
摘要：This note provides an alternative, elementary proof of Bergstrom, Blume and Varian's well-known result on the uniqueness of Nash equilibrium in the private provision of a public good when all goods are normal.
