-
作者：Maggs, P; Hoddinott, J
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：In developing countries, common property resources (CPRs) can be an important source of income for certain individuals within households. This paper demonstrates that if changes in the management of CPRs impose fixed costs on them, or cause a decline in the prices of goads produced from it, the intrahousehold allocation of resources may alter in a manner detrimental to those individuals. The paper also shows that the assumption of a unitary household model causes the detrimental effects of cer...
-
作者：Razin, A; Sadka, E
作者单位：Tel Aviv University
摘要：Being relatively low earners, migrants are net beneficiaries of the welfare state. Therefore, in a static set-up, migration may be resisted by the entire native-born population. However, it is shown that in a dynamic set-up, with a pension system (which is an important pillar of any welfare state) migration is beneficial to all income (high and low) and all age (old and young) groups. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Rondeau, D; Schulze, WD; Poe, GL
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University
摘要：A one-shot provision point mechanism with money-back guarantee and proportional rebate of excess contributions is tested in an induced value framework. and in experimental environments chosen to mimic field conditions. The results show that this relatively simple mechanism is empirically demand revealing in the aggregate when used with large groups of students who have heterogenous valuations for the public good. Approximately demand revealing behavior was obtained under three alternative info...
-
作者：Plug, EJS; van Praag, BMS; Hartog, J
作者单位：Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam; Wageningen University & Research; Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam
摘要：The suggestion to tax people on earnings capacity instead of earnings has been around for a long time and is attractive in terms of economic efficiency. In this paper we reflect on the feasibility of such a system and give an exploratory empirical implementation. We apply the Leyden Welfare Function of Income, a survey based measure of an individual's welfare associated with income, to derive implications for ability taxation. Under the assumption that IQ and schooling reflect earnings capacit...
-
作者：Lockwood, B
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper considers the problem facing a central government which can insure regional governments (by use of intergovernmental grants) against region-specific and privately observed shocks either to income, or demand for, or cost of, the public good. Notable results are: (i) depending on the source of the shock, the grant may induce over- or undersupply of the public good relative to the Samuelson rule; (ii) with public good spillovers between regions, there is two-way distortion of public go...
-
作者：Currie, J; Thomas, D
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; RAND Corporation; Rand Health
摘要：Poor educational attainment is a persistent problem among US hispanic children, relative to non-hispanics. Many of these children are immigrants and/or come from households that use a minority language in the home. This paper examines the effects of participation ina government sponsored preschool program called Head Start on these children. We find that large and significant benefits accrue to Head Start children when we compare them to siblings who did not participate in the program. On aver...
-
作者：Goulder, LH; Parry, IWH; Williams, RC; Burtraw, D
作者单位：Stanford University; Resources for the Future; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper employs analytical and numerical general equilibrium models to examine the significance of pre-existing factor taxes for the costs of pollution reduction under a wide range of environmental policy instruments. Pre-existing taxes imply significantly higher abatement costs for every instrument considered, but the cost-impact of such taxes differs sharply across instruments. Prior taxes can eliminate the cost-advantage of market-based instruments (emissions taxes and permits) over tech...
-
作者：Heyes, A; Rickman, N
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of Surrey
摘要：Despite the fact that (i) when the EPA observes regulatory violations it rarely pursues the violator and, (ii) the expected penalty faced by a violator who is pursued is small compared to the cost of compliance, it is still the case that, (iii), firms comply a significant portion of the time. Winston Harrington (Harrington, W., 1988. Enforcement leverage when penalties are restricted. Journal of Public Economics 37, 29-53) provides a dynamic model consistent with this apparent paradox. We offe...
-
作者：van Wijnbergen, S; Estache, A
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; The World Bank
摘要：King-Fullerton methodology cannot assess the minimum-asset tax because it cannot handle uncertainty. We present an alternative based on option pricing, and show how carryover rules, depreciation conventions, and uncertainty affect the MAT burden. Using Brazilian data, we show (A) because of the high intersectoral variance of returns on capital, the MAT does not reduce sectoral distortions; (B) while high variance raises the MAT burden, high risk firms are not hit harder by the MAT: high-risk f...
-
作者：Kneller, R; Bleaney, MF; Gemmell, N
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：Is the evidence consistent with the predictions of endogenous growth models that the structure of taxation and public expenditure can affect the steady-state growth rate? Much previous research needs to be re-evaluated because it ignores the biases associated with incomplete specification of the government budget constraint. We show these biases to be substantial and, correcting for them, find strong support for the Barro model (1990, Government spending in a simple model of endogenous growth....
