Journal of Public Economics

最新文章

• Tax competition and tax coordination in an optimum income tax model AI翻译
  作者：Huber, B
  作者单位：University of Munich
  摘要：The paper uses the self-selection approach of Stiglitz (1982) to study tax competition and tax coordination in a many country-optimum income tax model. In the model, the government can impose a non-linear tax schedule on wage income and a (source-based) tax on mobile capital. In an uncoordinated equilibrium, it turns out that countries can use the capital tax instrument to weaken the self-selection constraint. The paper presents examples where positive and negative capital taxes are optimal fr...
• Economies of scale and self-financing rules with non-competitive factor markets AI翻译
  作者：Small, KA
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
  摘要：When a firm or public enterprise prices output at marginal cost, its profits are related to the degree of local scale economies in its cost function. I show that contrary to common belief, this result holds even when scale economies are affected by a rising factor supply curve. Thus marginal-cost pricing may be profitable even with constant returns to scale. Examples are provided for a monopsonist both with and without price discrimination, and for a case such as highways where congestion-pron...
• Optimal redistributive capital taxation in a neoclassical growth model AI翻译
  作者：Lansing, KJ
  作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
  摘要：This paper provides a counterexample to the simplest version of the redistribution models considered by Judd (1985) in which the government chooses an optimal distortionary tax on capitalists to finance a lump-sum payment to workers. I show that the steady-state optimal tax on capital income is generally non-zero when the capitalists' utility is logarithmic and the government faces a balanced-budget constraint. With log utility, agents' optimal decisions depend solely on the current rate of re...
• Truth or consequences - Enforcing pollution standards with self-reporting AI翻译
  作者：Livernois, J; McKennna, CJ
  作者单位：University of Guelph
  摘要：Evidence suggests that a surprisingly large fraction of firms comply with pollution emission standards even though expected penalties for noncompliance are low. We offer an explanation of this puzzle by extending the standard model of enforcement to include a self-reporting requirement and enforcement power. These extensions are enough to challenge the conventional result that higher fines lead to higher compliance rates. We find that under plausible conditions, higher compliance rates are ach...
• The consequences of labour mobility for redistribution: tax vs. transfer competition AI翻译
  作者：Hindriks, J
  作者单位：University of Exeter
  摘要：In a context where both the poor and the rich are (imperfectly) mobile, this paper compares the Nash equilibrium levels of income redistribution from the rich to the poor when jurisdictions compete either in taxes, in transfers or both in taxes and transfers. Although taxes and transfers are linked through the budget-balanced requirement, the analysis reveals intriguing differences. Indeed, it turns out that transfer competition results in much less redistribution than tax competition, while t...
• Incentives for the identification and treatment of children with disabilities: the supplemental security income program AI翻译
  作者：Kubik, JD
  作者单位：Syracuse University
  摘要：This paper examines how Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefit availability and generosity affect the probability that families identify health problems in their children and move onto the SSI rolls. First, I observe that a liberalization of SSI eligibility in 1990 was followed by a substantial re-evaluation of the health status of low-income children by their parents. Then, I find that increases in SSI benefits raise the likelihood that a family identifies a chronic impairment in their ch...
• The political economy of public employment programs AI翻译
  作者：Fredriksson, P
  作者单位：Uppsala University
  摘要：What are the welfare implications of a political equilibrium where the choice of active labor market programs (ALMPs) have to please the employed majority? This issue is examined in an equilibrium model featuring matching frictions and worker-firm wage bargaining. It turns out that the welfare consequences depend on the nature of ALMPs and the political weight attributed to firm interests. If firm values carry little political weight and programs contribute to wage pressure, the employed will ...
• The capital gain lock-in effect and equilibrium returns AI翻译
  作者：Klein, P
  作者单位：Simon Fraser University
  摘要：This paper develops a general equilibrium model of asset pricing when capital gains an taxed upon realization. Under realistic assumptions, capital gain lock-in is shown to depress the pre-tax returns of securities with accrued capital gains. This result implies slowly dissipating security return reversal, and may help explain empirical findings in the financial economics literature. As in the existing public finance literature, this paper shows that one's own accrued capital gains and investm...
• Openness, country size and government AI翻译
  作者：Alesina, A; Wacziarg, R
  作者单位：Harvard University
  摘要：This paper shows that smaller countries have a larger share of public consumption in GDP, and are also more open to trade. These empirical observations are consistent with recent theoretical models explaining country formation and break up, and may account for the observed positive empirical relationship between trade openness and government size. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A.
• Gender discrimination without gender difference: theory and policy responses AI翻译
  作者：Francois, P
  作者单位：Queens University - Canada
  摘要：This paper provides an explanation for the continued existence of gender discrimination in competitive labour markets and analyzes the effects of policies designed to alleviate it. Unlike previous explanations of gender discrimination, this theory arises from the interaction between women and men within the household, and does not rely on inherent asymmetries between women and men. Even though discrimination is seen to be related to factors which can be thought external to the labour market, s...