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作者：Haufler, A; Wooton, I
作者单位：University of Konstanz; University of Glasgow; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We analyse tax competition between two countries of unequal size trying to attract a foreign-owned monopolist. When national governments have only a lump-sum profit tax (subsidy) at their disposal, but face exogenous and identical transport costs for imports, then both countries will be willing to offer a subsidy to the firm. At the same time, the firm prefers to locate in the larger market where it will be able to charge a higher producer price. In equilibrium the large country receives the i...
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作者：Martin, S; Smith, PC
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of York - UK
摘要：Many social systems rely on a waiting list (rather than price) as a rationing device. We present a model of the waiting list for elective surgery in the British National Health Service. Waiting time is allowed to influence both supply of and demand for surgery. The resulting models of supply and demand are estimated empirically using over 4000 observations. The results indicate low elasticity of demand with respect to waiting time, suggesting that increased resources may reduce waiting times w...
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作者：Sillamaa, MA
作者单位：McMaster University
摘要：Phelps (1973); Sadka (1976); Seade (1977) presented theorems that showed work effort could increase if the marginal tax rate was zero at the top income. This was tested in a laboratory experiment. The prediction was supported. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
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作者：Berry, ST; Waldfogel, J
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：Because broadcasters can capture only part of the value of their product as revenue, there is the potential for a classic problem of underprovision. Whether public support corrects a marker failure depends on whether the market would have provided similar services in the absence of public broadcasting. We address these questions by asking whether public and commercial classical stations compete for Listening share and revenue as well as whether public stations crowd out commercial stations. We...
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作者：Judd, KL
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We find that the optimal long-run tax on capital income is zero even if the capital stock does not converge to a steady state nor to a steady state growth rate. The optimal tax on human capital is also zero if human capital is not a final good, but the long-run wage tax is not generally zero. We argue that consumption tax proposals, such as the Flat Tax, are not consumption taxes, and are biased against human capital. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
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作者：Smart, M
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：This note reviews the problems inherent in using the sum of compensating variations to measure the efficiency effects of tax reforms. Contrary to a recently published assertion, excise taxation never constitutes a potential Pareto improvement over poll taxation, even if the aggregate compensating variation is positive. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. JEL classification: H21.
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作者：Hamilton, SF
作者单位：Kansas State University
摘要：This paper presents a methodological approach for the analysis of tax incidence that encompasses familiar forms of taxation in a general and analytically convenient model. In oligopolistic industries, the performance of a tax depends on the sensitivity of the unit tax rate to changes in industry output. Output-elastic tax schedules are less Likely to be over-shifted and have superior welfare properties relative to regulatory instruments that are less responsive to the equilibrium market quanti...
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作者：Chirinko, RS; Fazzari, SM; Meyer, AP
作者单位：Emory University; Washington University (WUSTL); Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：The response of business capital formation to its user cost is critical to evaluating tax reform, deficit reduction, and monetary policy. Evidence for a substantial user cost elasticity, however, is sparse. Most evidence has been based on aggregate data, although several recent studies with firm-level data report substantial effects. With a particularly rich micro dataset containing over 26,000 observations, this paper explores what can be learned about the user cost elasticity. While the resu...
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作者：Panizza, U
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：This paper presents a simple model that unifies most of the results of the literature on fiscal federalism. The model describes an economy characterized by two levels of government, one public good, and a private good. The predictions of the model are tested by using a new set of measures of fiscal centralization. The main findings are that country size, income per capita, ethnic fractionalization, and level of democracy are negatively correlated with the degree of fiscal centralization. The m...
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作者：Bös, D
作者单位：University of Bonn
摘要：This paper deals with price regulation of a monopolistic distribution grid which sells a license to some retailer. The regulator aims at attaining efficient sale of the license and efficient relationship-specific investments of the agents. The first best can be attained by a sequential regulatory mechanism which gives the seller an option to grant the license but allows the buyer to make counteroffers. This sequential mechanism runs counter to the usual price-cap idea since possible upward but...
