-
作者：Montero, JP
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper studies a phase-in emissions trading program with voluntary opt-in possibilities for non-affected firms and derives optimal permits allocations to affected and opt-in firms when the environmental regulator has incomplete information on individual unrestricted emissions and control costs. The regulator faces a trade-off between production efficiency (minimization of control costs) and information rent extraction (reduction of excess permits allocated to opt-in firms). The first-best ...
-
作者：Royalty, AB
作者单位：Stanford University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University in Indianapolis
摘要：In this paper, I estimate the effect of the tax preference for employer-provided health insurance on the probability that an employee will be eligible for health insurance at work. I instrument for marginal tax rates with state-level state income tax rates and I control for unobservable state effects that could be correlated with the state income tax instrument by comparing the estimated tax effect on employer-provided health insurance, to the tax effect on sick leave, a fringe benefit that do...
-
作者：Leblanc, W; Snyder, JM; Tripathi, M
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); California Institute of Technology; Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
摘要：Despite evidence that modern democracies systematically shortchange public investment goods, relatively little theoretical work exists to explain this phenomenon. We build on Baron and Ferejohn's (American Political Science Review, 83(4) (1989) 1181-1206) bargaining model to describe public investments in a setting of budgetary politics. Specifically, we show that underinvestment inherently arises from distributive politics within a majoritarian institution. The inability of current majorities...
-
作者：Swaroop, V; Jha, S; Rajkumar, AS
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper models fiscal effects of foreign aid in a federal system of governance. Our main innovation is to incorporate the inter-governmental fiscal link in examining economic fungibility of foreign aid. The model is applied to the expenditure decisions of the central government of India. The two main findings are: (i) Foreign aid merely substitutes for spending that the government would have undertaken anyway; funds freed by aid are spent on non-development activities, and (ii) In passing e...
-
作者：Zhuravskaya, EV
摘要：Based on a unique data set on Russian city budgets, this paper shows that revenue sharing between regional and local,governments provides local governments with no incentive to increase tax base or provide public goods. Any change in local government's own revenues is almost entirely offset by changes in shared revenues. This leads to governmental over-regulation of private businesses. It is shown that fiscal incentives are a determinant of the formation of private business and the efficiency ...
-
作者：Hall, J; Preston, I
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London
摘要：Perceptions of private benefits from hypothecated tax increases may be mon or less correlated with income both because individuals with different incomes have different interests in expanding public services and because they anticipate bearing different shares of the implied tax burden. We report on analysis of cross-sectional data from the United Kingdom in which respondents have been randomly allocated to different but precisely specified tax instruments in a way which should allow separatio...
-
作者：Apps, P; Rees, R
作者单位：University of Munich; Australian National University; University of Sydney
摘要：Tax reform proposals affect individual welfares in ways which strongly depend on the nature of specialisation in household production and the pattern of trade within households. Variation in the degree of specialisation in domestic production across households strongly influences the impacts on individual tax burdens of a given tax reform. The standard models of the economics literature cannot be used to analyse these issues because they ignore the two-person nature of households and the exist...
-
作者：Graham, JR
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：The traditional view is that interest deductibility encourages firms to use debt financing; however, some argue that the personal tax disadvantage to interest offsets the corporate tax advantage. This paper investigates the degree to which personal taxes affect corporate financing decisions. In cross-sectional regressions that control for personal taxes, debt usage is positively correlated with tax rates in each year 1980-1994, with significant coefficients in almost every year. A specificatio...
-
作者：Dhillon, A; Perroni, C; Scharf, KA
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper investigates whether tax competition can survive under tax coordination, when information is private or nonverifiable. We focus on a two-jurisdiction model where capital can move across borders, and where jurisdictions have different public good requirements, but are otherwise identical. In this setting, coordination may call for a second-best allocation supported by differentiated tax rates. If,however, coordination must be achieved via a set of common rules that condition tax rate...
-
作者：Baker, M; Benjamin, D
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：We analyze the sequential elimination of retirement/earnings tests from Canada's public pension plans. Our empirical framework potentially overcomes the obstacles encountered analyzing the tests within the context of a national social security system. Our results indicate that the removal of the tests were associated with relatively large shifts from part year full time to full year full time work. We are unable to reconcile these results within the context of a traditional labour supply model...
