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作者：Stennek, J
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：The expected consumer's surplus (ECS) is often used as a monetary measure of consumer welfare. Examples include the theory of regulation, competition policy, and price stabilization. This paper shows that, in general, the ECS does not convey any information about the consumer's ranking of price distributions, if these differ in risk. Moreover, the ECS provides rigorous monetary assessments of consumer welfare if, and only if, the consumer is risk-neutral, and has zero income-elasticity of dema...
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作者：Boadway, R; Marceau, N; Sato, M
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Hitotsubashi University
摘要：Transfers to the needy are administered by social workers whose job it is to tag welfare applicants to determine eligibility for disability benefits. The accuracy of tagging depends on the effort of the social workers, which is private information. To prevent shirking and induce optimal effort, costly monitoring is required. Using the framework of optimal non-linear taxation, we characterize the form of the optimal tax-transfer system when the government operates a costly welfare system financ...
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作者：Lahiri, S
作者单位：Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad
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作者：Snyder, SK
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
摘要：This paper is a theoretical examination of the testable restrictions of Pareto optimality in an economy with public goods. In contrast to other methods for deriving tests for the optimality of public good provision, ad hoc assumptions about individual public good demand are not required. The testable restrictions derived in this paper are defined over a finite series of aggregate-level data, production data, and individual after-tax income. Despite the relatively sparse data requirements and t...
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作者：Blomquist, S; Christiansen, V
作者单位：Uppsala University; University of Oslo
摘要：This paper integrates two different approaches to the analysis of public provision of private goods (education, health care, day care, etc.). While normative public economics has established an efficiency case for such provision, the commonly held political economy view has been that it is an economically inefficient phenomenon generated by the political process. We establish a political economy framework which in general yields an efficient choice of distributional policy. It follows that the...
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作者：Gradstein, M
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：Assuming a world with excessive taxes, the focuses of this paper are political mechanisms that ensure efficiency enhancing restraints on taxes. In particular, it is shown that supermajority requirements to approve tax increases, as currently used in some US states, is the means of attaining this objective. Their relationship to another such mechanism prevalent in earlier centuries, that of franchise restrictions, is discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
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作者：Fershtman, C; Gandal, N; Markovich, S
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Tel Aviv University; Tilburg University; University of Chicago
摘要：The incidence of taxation has been extensively discussed in the public finance literature but mainly within a competitive market setting or within a homogenous good (Cournot type) oligopoly. In a differentiated product oligopoly, the effect of taxation can be more complex as the rate of taxation may affect not only the prices, but also the profile and quality of products that are sold in the market. In this paper, we examine the effects of changing tax regimes in a differentiated product oligo...
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作者：Evans, WN; Ringel, JS
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
摘要：This study examines whether higher state cigarette taxes can be used to improve birth outcomes. Data on the outcomes of interest are taken from the 1989-1992 Natality Detail files, generating a sample of roughly 10.5 million births. The results suggest that smoking participation among pregnant women declines and average birth weights rise when excise taxes are increased. These results can be used to form an instrumental variables estimate of the impact of smoking on birth weight. This estimate...
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作者：DelRossi, AF; Inman, RP
作者单位：University of Wyoming; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The provision of public services through national legislatures gives legislators the chance to fund locally beneficial public projects using a shared national tax base. Nationally financed and provided local (congestible) public goods will be purchased at a subsidized price below marginal cost and may be inefficiently too large as a consequence. An important assumption behind this inefficiency is that national legislators in fact demand more of the locally beneficial project as the local price...
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作者：Parker, SC
作者单位：Durham University
摘要：This paper models optimal linear taxation when occupational choice and labour supply are endogenous. Workers choose between paid employment, self-employment, and unemployment. Self-employment incomes are risky and employees may be involuntarily laid off. Calibrating the model to the UK economy, the optimal tax solution involves relatively high taxation with substantial redistribution, and a higher nominal (but not effective) marginal tax rate imposed on the self-employed than on employees. The...
