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作者：Mansour, Hani
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Colorado Denver; Children's Hospital Colorado; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：Models of employer learning have two implications: first, the distribution of wages becomes more dispersed as a cohort of workers gains experience; second, the coefficient on an ability correlate that employers initially do not observe grows with experience. If learning by employers varies across occupations, both of these indicators of learning should covary positively across groups defined by a worker's initial occupational assignment. This paper tests these implications using data from the ...
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作者：Altonji, Joseph G.; Bharadwaj, Prashant; Lange, Fabian
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We examine changes in the characteristics of American youth between the late 1970s and the late 1990s, with a focus on characteristics that matter for labor market success. The current generation is more skilled than the previous one. Blacks and Hispanics have gained relative to whites, and women have gained relative to men. However, the skill distribution has widened overall. Shifts in parental education generate many of the observed changes. We also provide speculative estimates suggesting t...
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作者：Yamaguchi, Shintaro
作者单位：McMaster University
摘要：This article proposes a new approach to modeling heterogeneous human capital using task data from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The key feature of the model is that it departs from the Roy model, which treats occupations as distinct categories and conceives of occupations as bundles of tasks. The advantages of this approach are that it can accommodate many occupations without computational burden and provide a clear interpretation as to how and why skills are differently rewarded acro...
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作者：Roth, Alvin E.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：In this reply I describe the unraveling of transaction dates in several markets, including the labor market for new lawyers hired by large law firms. This and other markets illustrate that unraveling can occur in markets with competitive prices, that it can result in substantial inefficiencies, and that marketplace institutions play a role in restoring efficiency. All of these contradict the conclusions of Priest.
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作者：Zhylyevskyy, Oleksandr
作者单位：Iowa State University
摘要：The optimal balance between keeping marriages intact, despite spousal conflict, and allowing for divorce is a subject of policy debate in the United States. To explore the trade-offs, I construct a structural model with information asymmetries, which may generate inefficient outcomes. Parameters are estimated using data from the National Survey of Families and Households. I find that eliminating separation periods decreases the conflict rate by 9.2% of its baseline level and increases the divo...
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作者：Haeck, Catherine; Verboven, Frank
作者单位：KU Leuven; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal
摘要：Using a rich personnel data set of a large European university we find strong evidence for the existence of an internal labor market. First, there is a strong port of entry at the lowest academic rank and in fact even prior to entering professorship, resulting in very long internal careers. Second, wages do not follow external wage developments. We subsequently consider various incentive theories regarding the dynamics of promotions, as organized through annual tournaments. As expected, a rigi...
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作者：Cingano, Federico; Rosolia, Alfonso
摘要：We assess the strength of information spillovers relating unemployment duration of workers displaced by firm closures to their former colleagues' current employment status. Displaced-specific networks are recovered from a 20-year panel of matched employer-employee data. Spillovers are identified by comparing performances of codisplaced workers. A one-standard-deviation increase in the network employment rate reduces unemployment duration by about 8%; the effect is magnified if contacts recentl...
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作者：Heckman, James J.; Humphries, John Eric; LaFontaine, Paul A.; Rodriguez, Pedro L.
作者单位：University of Chicago; University College Dublin; Institute of Advanced Studies in Administration (IESA)
摘要：The option to obtain a General Educational Development (GED) certificate changes the incentives facing high school students. This article evaluates the effect of three different GED policy innovations on high school graduation rates. A 6-point decrease in the GED pass rate produced a 1.3-point decline in high school dropout rates. The introduction of a GED certification program in high schools in Oregon produced a 4% decrease in high school graduation rates. Introduction of GED certificates fo...
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作者：Santos-Pinto, Luis
作者单位：University of Lausanne
摘要：I extend Spence's signaling model by assuming that some workers are overconfident-they underestimate their marginal cost of acquiring education-and some are underconfident. Firms cannot observe workers' productive abilities and beliefs but know the fractions of high-ability, overconfident, and underconfident workers. I find that biased beliefs lower the wage spread and compress the wages of unbiased workers. I show that gender differences in self-confidence can contribute to the gender pay gap...
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作者：Heywood, John S.; Parent, Daniel
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee
摘要：We show that the reported tendency for performance pay to be associated with greater wage inequality at the top of the earnings distribution applies only to white workers. This results in the white-black wage differential among those in performance pay jobs growing over the earnings distribution even as the same differential shrinks over the distribution for those not in performance pay jobs. We show that this remains true even when examining suitable counterfactuals that hold observables cons...
