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作者：Smith, Christopher L.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：The employment to population rate of high school-aged youth has fallen by about 20 percentage points since the late 1980s. One potential explanation is increased competition from substitutable labor, such as immigrants. I demonstrate that the increase in the population of less educated immigrants has had a considerably more negative effect on employment outcomes for native youth than for native adults. At least two factors are at work: there is greater overlap between the jobs that youth and l...
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作者：Glitz, Albrecht
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：With the fall of the Berlin Wall, ethnic Germans living in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union were given the opportunity to migrate to Germany. Within 15 years, 2.8 million individuals had done so. Upon arrival, these immigrants were exogenously allocated to different regions to ensure an even distribution across the country. Their inflow can therefore be seen as a quasi-experiment of immigration. I analyze the effect of these inflows on skill-specific employment rates and wages. The r...
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作者：Herrmann, Mariesa A.; Rockoff, Jonah E.
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：A significant amount of work time is lost each year due to worker absence, but evidence on the productivity losses from absenteeism remains scant due to difficulties with identification. We use uniquely detailed data on the timing, duration, and cause of absences among teachers to address many of the potential biases from the endogeneity of worker absence. Our analysis indicates that worker absences have large negative impacts: the expected loss in daily productivity from employing a temporary...
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作者：Gayle, George-Levi; Golan, Limor; Miller, Robert A.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Fewer women than men become executive managers. They earn less over their careers, hold more junior positions, and exit the occupation at a faster rate. We compiled a large panel data set on executives and formed a career hierarchy to analyze mobility and compensation. We find, controlling for executive rank and background, that women earn higher compensation than men, experience more income uncertainty, and are promoted more quickly. Among survivors, being female increases the chance of becom...
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作者：Altmann, Steffen; Falk, Armin; Wibral, Matthias
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Bonn
摘要：Promotions play an important role for the provision of incentives in firms. We analyze incentives in multistage elimination tournaments with controlled laboratory experiments. In our two main treatments, we compare a two-stage tournament to a one-stage tournament. Subjects in the two-stage treatment provide excess effort in the first stage, both with respect to Nash predictions and compared to the strategically equivalent one-stage tournament. Additional control treatments confirm that excess ...
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作者：Caceres-Delpiano, Julio; Giolito, Eugenio
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：Using data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report program and differences in the timing of the reform's introduction, we find that unilateral divorce caused an increase in violent crime rates of approximately 9% during the period 1965-96. When we use age at the time of the reform as an additional source of variation, our findings suggest that young adult cohorts, who were children at the time of the reform, were particularly affected. Finally, we show evidence that a p...
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作者：Del Bono, Emilia; Ermisch, John; Francesconi, Marco
作者单位：University of Essex
摘要：Using large American and British survey data, this paper provides structural estimates of the production functions for birth weight and fetal growth. In addition to maternal smoking, we estimate the impact of when a mother stops work, which has not been considered in the literature. Mothers' work interruptions of up to 3 months before birth have a positive effect on birth outcomes, especially among British children. Parental behavior appears to respond to child idiosyncratic endowments in a wa...
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作者：Lavy, Victor; Silva, Olmo; Weinhardt, Felix
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Warwick
摘要：We study ability peer effects in English secondary schools using data on four cohorts of students taking age-14 national tests and measuring peers' ability by prior achievements at age 11. Our identification is based on within-pupil regressions exploiting variation in achievements across three compulsory subjects tested at age 14 and age 11. Using this novel strategy, we find significant and sizable negative effects arising from bad peers at the bottom of the ability distribution but little ev...
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作者：Antonovics, Kate; Golan, Limor
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：In this article, we examine optimal job choices when jobs differ in the rate at which they reveal information about workers' skills. We then analyze how the optimal level of experimentation changes over a worker's career and characterize job transitions and wage growth over the life cycle. Using the Dictionary of Occupational Titles merged with the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we then construct an index of how much information different occupations reveal about workers' skills a...
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作者：van der Klaauw, Wilbert
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Despite the importance of expectations in models of decision behavior under uncertainty, few empirical economists have made use of subjective expectations data in estimating such models. Assuming that expectations about future behavior accurately portray optimal future behavior conditional on current information, it is shown that such data can provide similar information about the decision process as can data on current or retrospective behavior. The value of self-reported choice expectations ...
