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作者：Hellerstein, Judith K.; McInerney, Melissa; Neumark, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; National Bureau of Economic Research; William & Mary; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：We specify and implement a test for the presence and importance of labor market networks based on residential proximity, in determining the establishments at which people work. Using matched employer-employee data at the establishment level, we measure the importance of these network effects for groups broken out by race, ethnicity, and measures of skill. The evidence indicates that these types of labor market networks do exist and play an important role in determining the establishments where...
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作者：Stark, Oded; Hyll, Walter
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Klagenfurt; University of Vienna; University of Warsaw; Warsaw School of Economics; University of Klagenfurt
摘要：We analyze the impact on a firm's profits and optimal wage rates, and on the distribution of workers' earnings, when workers compare their earnings with those of coworkers. We consider a low-productivity worker who receives lower wage earnings than a high-productivity worker. When the low-productivity worker derives (dis)utility not only from his own effort but also from comparing his earnings with those of the high-productivity worker, his response to the sensing of relative deprivation is to...
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作者：Corak, Miles; Piraino, Patrizio
作者单位：University of Cape Town; University of Ottawa
摘要：We find that about 40% of a cohort of young Canadian men have been employed at some time with an employer for which their father also worked, and 6%-9% have the same employer in adulthood. The intergenerational transmission of employers is positively related to paternal earnings, particularly at the very top of the earnings distribution, and to the presence of self-employment income and the number of employers with which the father has had direct contact. It has an important influence on nonli...
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作者：Lin, Xu
作者单位：Wayne State University
摘要：Disentangling peer effects from other confounding effects is difficult, and separately identifying endogenous and contextual effects is impossible for the linear-in-means model. This study confronts these problems by using spatial autoregressive models with group fixed effects. The nonlinearity introduced by the variations in the peer measurements provides information to identify both endogenous and contextual effects, thus resolving the reflection problem. The group fixed effects term capture...
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作者：Ashenfelter, Orley C.; Farber, Henry; Ransom, Michael R.
作者单位：Princeton University; Brigham Young University
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作者：Angrist, Joshua; Lavy, Victor; Schlosser, Analia
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; Tel Aviv University
摘要：This article presents evidence on the child-quantity/child-quality trade-off using quasi-experimental variation due to twin births and preferences for a mixed sibling sex composition, as well as ethnic differences in the effects of these variables. Our sample includes groups with very high fertility. An innovation in our econometric approach is the juxtaposition of results from multiple instrumental variables strategies, capturing the effects of fertility over different ranges for different so...
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作者：Engelhardt, Bryan
作者单位：College of the Holy Cross
摘要：This article provides estimates on how long it takes for released inmates to find a job and, when they find a job, how less likely they are to be incarcerated. An on-the-job search model with crime is used to model criminal behavior, derive the estimation method, and analyze policies including a job placement program. The results show that the unemployed are incarcerated twice as fast as the employed and take on average 6 months to find a job. The article demonstrates that reducing the average...
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作者：Garicano, Luis; Heaton, Paul
作者单位：RAND Corporation; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We examine the relationship between information technology (IT), productivity, and organization using a new panel data set of police departments that covers 1987-2003. When considered alone, increases in IT are not associated with reductions in crime rates, increases in clearance rates, or other productivity measures, and computing technology that increases reported crime actually generates the appearance of lower productivity. These results persist across various samples, specifications, and ...
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作者：Goerg, Sebastian J.; Kube, Sebastian; Zultan, Ro'i
作者单位：University of Bonn
摘要：The importance of fair and equal treatment of workers is at the heart of the debate in organizational management. In this regard, we study how reward schemes and production technologies affect effort provision in teams. Our experimental results demonstrate that unequal rewards can potentially increase productivity by facilitating coordination and that the effect strongly interacts with the exact shape of the production function. Taken together, our data highlight the relevance of the productio...
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作者：Kerr, William R.; Lincoln, William F.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This study evaluates the impact of high-skilled immigrants on U. S. technology formation. We use reduced-form specifications that exploit large changes in the H-1B visa program. Higher H-1B admissions increase immigrant science and engineering (SE) employment and patenting by inventors with Indian and Chinese names in cities and firms dependent upon the program relative to their peers. Most specifications find limited effects for native SE employment or patenting. We are able to rule out displ...
