-
作者：Black, Sandra E.; Devereux, Paul J.; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University College Dublin; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Teenage peers are perceived as being important, but there is little conclusive evidence demonstrating this. This paper uses data on the population of Norway and idiosyncratic variation in cohort composition within schools to examine the role of peer composition in ninth grade on longer-run outcomes such as IQ scores, teenage childbearing, education, and labor market outcomes. We find that outcomes are influenced by the proportion of females in the grade, and these effects differ by gender. Ave...
-
作者：Ors, Evren; Palomino, Frederic; Peyrache, Eloic
作者单位：Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris
摘要：Using data for students undertaking a series of real-world academic examinations with high future payoffs, we examine whether the differences in these evaluations' competitive nature generate a performance gender gap. In the univariate setting we find that women's performance is first-order stochastically dominated by that of men when the competition is higher, whereas the reverse holds true in the less competitive or noncompetitive tests. These results are confirmed in the multivariate settin...
-
作者：Abraham, Katharine G.; Haltiwanger, John; Sandusky, Kristin; Spletzer, James R.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using a large data set that links individual Current Population Survey (CPS) records to employer-reported administrative data, we document substantial discrepancies in basic measures of employment status that persist even after controlling for known definitional differences between the two data sources. We hypothesize that reporting discrepancies should be most prevalent for marginal workers and for marginal or nonstandard jobs, and we find systematic associations between the incidence of repo...
-
作者：Cortes, Patricia; Pan, Jessica
作者单位：Boston University; National University of Singapore
摘要：We explore how the availability of affordable live-in help provided by foreign domestic workers (FDWs) in Hong Kong affected native women's labor supply and welfare. First, we exploit differences in the FDW program between Hong Kong and Taiwan. Second, we use cross-sectional variation in the cost of a FDW to estimate a model of labor force participation and FDW hire. FDWs increased the participation of mothers with a young child (relative to older children) by 10-14 percentage points and have ...
-
作者：Boyd, Donald; Lankford, Hamilton; Loeb, Susanna; Wyckoff, James
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY; Stanford University; University of Virginia
摘要：This article uses a game-theoretic, two-sided matching model and method of simulated moments estimation to study factors affecting the match of elementary teachers to their first jobs. We find that employers demonstrate preferences for teachers having stronger academic achievement (e.g., attended a more selective college) and for teachers living in closer proximity to the school. Teachers show preferences for schools that are closer geographically, are suburban, have a smaller proportion of st...
-
作者：Brunello, Giorgio; Fabbri, Daniele; Fort, Margherita
作者单位：University of Padua; University of Bologna
摘要：We adopt a multi-country setup to show that years of schooling have a causal protective effect on the body mass index of females living in nine European countries. No such effect is found for males. The protective effect for European females is not negligible but is smaller than one recently found for the United States and stronger among overweight females. We discuss possible mechanisms justifying both the protective role of education and the gender difference in this role. We argue that the ...
-
作者：Kleiner, Morris M.; Krueger, Alan B.
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University
摘要：This study examines occupational licensing in the United States using a specially designed national labor force survey. Estimates from the survey indicated that 35% of employees were either licensed or certified by the government and that 29% were licensed. Another 3% stated that all who worked in their job would eventually be required to be certified or licensed, bringing the total that are or eventually must be licensed or certified by government to 38%. We find that licensing is associated ...
-
作者：Blau, Francine D.; Kahn, Lawrence M.
作者单位：Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics data and data from a 2008 telephone survey of adults conducted by Westat for the Princeton Data Improvement Initiative (PDII) to explore the importance and feasibility of adding retrospective questions about actual work experience to cross-sectional data sets. We demonstrate that having such actual experience data is important for analyzing women's postschool human capital accumulation, residual wage inequality, and the gender pay gap. Further, ou...
-
作者：Fryer, Roland G.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：As global policy makers and school leaders look for ways to improve student performance, financial incentives programs for teachers have become increasingly popular. This article describes a school-based randomized trial in over 200 New York City public schools designed to better understand the impact of teacher incentives. I find no evidence that teacher incentives increase student performance, attendance, or graduation, nor do I find evidence that these incentives change student or teacher b...
-
作者：Giuliano, Laura
作者单位：University of Miami
摘要：Using personnel data from a large US retail firm, I examine the firm's response to the 1996 federal minimum wage increase. Compulsory increases in average wages had negative but statistically insignificant effects on overall employment. However, increases in the relative wages of teenagers led to significant increases in the relative employment of teenagers, especially younger and more affluent teenagers. Further analysis suggests a pattern consistent with noncompetitive models. Where the legi...
