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作者：Hunt, Jennifer
作者单位：McGill University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates, I examine how immigrants perform in activities likely to increase U.S. productivity, according to the type of visa on which they first entered the United States. Immigrants who entered on a student/trainee visa or a temporary work visa have a large advantage over natives in wages, patenting, and publishing. Much of the advantage is explained by immigrants' higher education and field of study. Immigrants who entered with legal permanent resid...
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作者：Saks, Raven E.; Wozniak, Abigail
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article establishes the cyclical properties of a novel measure of worker reallocation: long-distance migration rates within the United States. Combining evidence from a number of data sets spanning the entire postwar era, we find that internal migration within the United States is procyclical. This result cannot be explained by cyclical variation in relative local economic conditions, suggesting that the net benefit of moving rises during booms. Migration is most procyclical for younger l...
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作者：Goltsman, Maria; Mukherjee, Arijit
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); Michigan State University
摘要：Workers competing in a tournament for a prize (e.g., a promotion) often perform sequentially in multiple stages. When the firm is privately informed about the workers' performance, it can sharpen incentives by strategically disclosing the intermediate results. But the policies that enhance final-stage effort may dampen incentives at the intermediate stage. In our model, the optimal disclosure policy has a simple form: disclose only if all workers perform poorly. This result offers a novel just...
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作者：Ge, Suqin
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
摘要：This article investigates the sequential college attendance decision of young women and quantifies the effect of marriage expectations on their decision to attend and graduate from college. A dynamic choice model of college attendance, labor supply, and marriage is formulated and structurally estimated using panel data from the NLSY79. The model is used to simulate the effects of no marriage benefits and finds that the predicted college enrollment rate will drop from 58.0% to 50.5%. Using the ...
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作者：Booker, Kevin; Sass, Tim R.; Gill, Brian; Zimmer, Ron
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Vanderbilt University
摘要：We analyze the relationship between charter high school attendance and educational attainment in Florida and in Chicago. Controlling for observed student characteristics and test scores, we estimate that among students who attended a charter middle school, those who went on to attend a charter high school were 7-15 percentage points more likely to earn a standard diploma than students who transitioned to a traditional public high school. Similarly, those attending a charter high school were 8-...
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作者：Bernal, Raquel; Keane, Michael P.
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：We evaluate the effect of child care versus maternal time inputs on child cognitive development using single mothers from the NLSY79. To deal with nonrandom selection of children into child care, we exploit the exogenous variation in welfare policy rules facing single mothers. In particular, the 1996 welfare reform and earlier state-level policy changes generated substantial increases in their work/child care use. We construct a comprehensive set of welfare policy variables and use them as ins...
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作者：Leuven, Edwin; Oosterbeek, Hessel; Sonnemans, Joep; van der Klaauw, Bas
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; University of Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：Existing field evidence on rank-order tournaments typically does not allow disentangling incentive and sorting effects. We conduct a field experiment illustrating the confounding effect. Students in an introductory microeconomics course selected themselves into tournaments with low, medium, or high prizes for the best score at the final exam. Nonexperimental analysis of the results would suggest that higher rewards induce higher productivity, but a comparison between treatment and control grou...
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作者：Mechoulan, Stephane
作者单位：Dalhousie University
摘要：This article examines how the increase in the incarceration of black men and the sex ratio imbalance it induces shape the behavior of young black women. Combining data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Current Population Survey to match male incarceration rates with individual observations over two decades, I show that black male incarceration lowers the odds of black non-marital teenage fertility while increasing young black women's school attainment and early employment. These re...
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作者：Card, David; Ibarraran, Pablo; Regalia, Ferdinando; Rosas-Shady, David; Soares, Yuri
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We report the impacts of a job training program operated in the Dominican Republic. A random sample of applicants was selected to undergo training, and information was gathered 10-14 months after graduation. Unfortunately, people originally assigned to treatment who failed to show up were not included in the follow-up survey, potentially compromising the evaluation design. We present estimates of the program effect, including comparisons that ignore the potential nonrandomness of no-show behav...
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作者：Lovenheim, Michael F.
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：This article uses short-run housing wealth changes to identify the effect of housing wealth on college attendance. I find that households used their housing wealth to finance postsecondary enrollment in the 2000s when housing wealth was most liquid; each $10,000 in home equity raises college enrollment by 0.7 of a percentage point on average. The effect is localized to lower-resource families, for whom a $10,000 increase in housing wealth increases enrollment by 5.7 percentage points. These es...
