-
作者：Rich, Robert; Tracy, Joseph
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：This article examines the ex post flexibility of US labor contracts during the 1970--95 period by investigating whether unanticipated changes in inflation increase the likelihood of a contract being renegotiated prior to its expiration. We find empirical support for this hypothesis. Specifically, our results indicate that renegotiations are triggered principally by large and infrequent price shocks of either sign. When combined with evidence that ex ante contract durations are shorter during e...
-
作者：Delfgaauw, Josse; Dur, Robert; Sol, Joeri; Verbeke, Willem
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We ran a field experiment in a Dutch retail chain consisting of 128 stores. In a random sample of these stores, we introduced short-term sales competitions among subsets of stores. We find that sales competitions have a large effect on sales growth, but only in stores where the store's manager and a sufficiently large fraction of the employees have the same gender. Remarkably, results are alike for sales competitions with and without monetary rewards, suggesting a high symbolic value of winnin...
-
作者：Burgess, Simon; Greaves, Ellen
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：We assess whether ethnic minority pupils are subject to low teacher expectations. We exploit the English testing system of quasi-blind externally marked tests and nonblind internal assessment to compare differences in these assessment methods between white and ethnic minority pupils. We find evidence that some ethnic groups are systematically underassessed relative to their white peers, while some are overassessed. We propose a stereotype model in which a teacher's local experience of an ethni...
-
作者：DeVaro, Jed; Morita, Hodaka
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of internal promotion versus external recruitment, using a job-assignment model involving competing firms with heterogeneous productivities and two-level job hierarchies with one managerial position. The model predicts that, controlling for the number of managers, increasing the number of lower-level workers is associated with (1) greater internal promotion as opposed to external recruitment, (2) higher profit, and (3) more general training. Empi...
-
作者：Johnson, Matthew T.
摘要：In this article, I propose and estimate a dynamic model of education, borrowing, and work decisions of high school graduates. I examine the effect of relaxing borrowing constraints on educational attainment by simulating increases in the amount students are permitted to borrow from government-sponsored loan programs. My results indicate that borrowing constraints have a small impact on attainment: the removal of education-related borrowing constraints raises bachelor''s degree completion by 2....
-
作者：Yao, Yang; Zhong, Ninghua
作者单位：Peking University; Tongji University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：Based on a survey of 1,268 firms in 12 cities, this article empirically studies unions' effects on worker welfare in China. Regressions carried out on a rich set of specifications show that unionization is significantly associated with higher hourly wages and larger pension coverage and weakly associated with lower monthly working hours. Further econometric analysis finds that unions promote individual and collective contracts. The effect of collective contracts vanishes when unions are presen...
-
作者：Gicheva, Dora
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro
摘要：This study establishes empirically a positive but nonlinear relationship between weekly hours and hourly wage growth. For workers who put in over 47 hours per week, 5 extra hours are associated with a 1% increase in annual wage growth. This correlation is not present when hours are lower. The relationship is especially strong for young professionals. Data on promotions provide evidence in support of a job-ladder model that combines higher skill sensitivity of output in higher-level jobs with h...
-
作者：Burke, Mary A.; Sass, Tim R.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston
摘要：We analyze the impact of classroom peers' ability (measured by their individual fixed effects) on student achievement for all Florida public school students in grades 3-10 over a 6-year period. We control for both student and teacher fixed effects, thereby alleviating biases due to endogenous assignment of both peers and teachers. Under linear-in-means specifications, estimated peer effects are small to nonexistent, but we find some sizable and significant peer effects within nonlinear models....
-
作者：Lundberg, Shelly
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Bergen
摘要：I examine the effects of cognitive ability and personality traits on college graduation in a recent cohort of young Americans, and how the returns to these traits vary by family background, and find very substantial differences across family background groups in the personality traits that predict successful completion of college, particularly for men. The implications are twofold. First, the returns to noncognitive traits may be highly context dependent. Second, policy discussion concerning e...
-
作者：Fu, Shihe; Ross, Stephen L.
作者单位：Xiamen University; University of Connecticut
摘要：This article tests whether the correlation between wages and concentration of employment can be explained by unobserved worker productivity. Residential location is used as a proxy for unobserved productivity, and average commute time to workplace is used to test whether location-based productivity differences are compensated away by longer commutes. Analyses using confidential data from the 2000 Decennial Census find that estimates of agglomeration wage premia within metropolitan areas are ro...
