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作者：Dube, Arindrajit; Lester, T. William; Reich, Michael
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We provide the first estimates of the effects of minimum wages on employment flows in the US labor market, identifying the impact by using policy discontinuities at state borders. We find that minimum wages have a sizable negative effect on employment flows but not on stocks. Separations and accessions fall among affected workers, especially those with low tenure. We do not find changes in the duration of nonemployment for separations or hires. This evidence is consistent with search models wi...
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作者：Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Pharmacy today is a highly remunerated female-majority profession with a small gender earnings gap and low earnings dispersion. Using extensive surveys of pharmacists, as well as the US Census, American Community Surveys, and Current Population Surveys, we explore the gender earnings gap, penalty to part-time work, demographics of pharmacists relative to other college graduates, and evolution of the profession during the last half-century. Technological changes increasing substitutability amon...
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作者：Jones, John Bailey; Yang, Fang
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
摘要：We document the growth in higher education costs and tuition over the past 50 years. To explain these trends, we develop a general equilibrium model with skill- and sector-biased technical change. Finding the model's parameters through a combination of estimation and calibration, we show that it can explain the rise in college costs between 1961 and 2009, along with the increase in college attainment and the change in the relative earnings of college graduates. The model predicts that if colle...
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作者：Behrman, Jere R.; Tincani, Michela M.; Todd, Petra E.; Wolpin, Kenneth I.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of London; University College London; Rice University
摘要：Chile is unusual in having long-term experience with nationwide school vouchers. A key criticism of school voucher systems is that they make it easier for private schools to attract better teachers to the detriment of public schools. This paper uses longitudinal data from Chile to estimate a discrete choice dynamic programming (DCDP) model of teacher and nonteacher labor supply decisions and to explore how wage policies affect the composition of the teacher labor force in public and private sc...
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作者：Murphy, Kevin M.; Topel, Robert H.
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：We treat rising inequality as an equilibrium outcome in which human capital investment fails to keep pace with rising demand for skills. Investment affects skill supply and prices on three margins: the type of human capital in which to invest, how much to acquire, and the intensity of use. The latter two represent the intensive margins of human capital acquisition and utilization. These choices are substitutes for the creation of new skilled workers, yet they are complementary with each other,...
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作者：Brassiolo, Pablo
摘要：The cost of divorce influences the bargaining position of spouses and thus their behavior within the marriage. This study takes advantage of a major and unexpected reduction in divorce costs in Spain to estimate the causal effects on domestic violence. Results suggest a 30% decline in spousal conflict as a consequence of the reform. Spousal violence is found to have decreased among couples who remained married after the modification in the law, which suggests an important role for changes in b...
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作者：Fruehwirth, Jane Cooley; Navarro, Salvador; Takahashi, Yuya
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Western University (University of Western Ontario); Johns Hopkins University
摘要：We show how the effect of grade retention varies by abilities, by timing of retention, and as time since retention elapses. Existing studies of grade retention are not well equipped to deal with the possibility that students retained at different grades differ in unobservable abilities (dynamic selection) and the effects of retention also vary by the student's abilities and the timing of retention. We extend existing factor analytic methods for identifying treatment effects in such settings. U...
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作者：Becker, Gary S.; Murphy, Kevin M.; Spenkuch, Joerg L.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Northwestern University
摘要：We consider the link between parents' influence over the preferences of children, parental investments in children's human capital, and children's support of elderly parents. It may pay for parents to spend resources to manipulate children's preferences in order to induce them to support their parents in old age. Since parents invest more in children when they expect greater support, manipulation of child preferences may end up helping children and parents. A new result, which we call the Rott...
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作者：Brown, Meta; Setren, Elizabeth; Topa, Giorgio
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using a new firm-level data set that includes explicit information on referrals by current employees, we investigate the hiring process and the relationships among referrals, match quality, wage trajectories, and turnover for a single US corporation and test various predictions of theoretical models of labor market referrals. We find that referred candidates are more likely to be hired; experience an initial wage advantage, which dissipates over time; and have longer tenure in the firm. Furthe...
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作者：Mueller, Andreas I.; Rothstein, Jesse; von Wachter, Till M.
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) awards rise during recessions. If marginal applicants are able to work but unable to find jobs, countercyclical Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefit extensions may reduce SSDI uptake. Exploiting UI extensions in the Great Recession as a source of variation, we find no indication that expiration of UI benefits causes SSDI applications and can rule out effects of meaningful magnitude. A supplementary analysis finds little overlap between the two program...
